微塑料,议员们,尺寸小于5毫米的塑料碎片,和微纤维,MFs,直径小于50μm的合成和天然/人造纤维碎片,是在不同环境区隔中发现的普遍存在的污染物。在这项工作中,MPs和MFs在蜜蜂上的发生,Apismellifera,并对蜂箱产品进行了评估,使用傅里叶变换红外显微光谱,确认国会议员和MFs作为空气污染物广泛存在于意大利南部的所有养院地区(高城市化地区和低城市化地区)。结果表明,独立于现场,蜜蜂和蜂蜜样本,被非自然色的MF污染。大多数MF是天然来源的,其次是人造MF和合成MF。此外,从蜜蜂中分离出的MFs的化学成分反映了合成织物中使用的化学成分,导致了一种假设,即它们从纺织品释放到空气中,被蜜蜂捕获。结果强调,MF代表了一类普遍存在的空气人为污染物。聚四氟乙烯的鉴定,PTFE,蜜蜂中的MPs证实了最近的发现,即PTFEMPs是扩散的土壤和空气污染物,而聚乙烯的鉴定,PE,基于蜂蜜样本中的国会议员,从低密度城市网站,可能与PE在农业中的大量使用有关。在蜂蜜样本中,还有聚己内酯,PCL,国会议员被确认,主要在高密度的城市网站,确认可生物降解材料可能是环境中的进一步污染物。结果表明,蜜蜂在飞行过程中或从蜂巢组件中被MP和MF污染,鲜花,来自其他巢友,从养蜂人的衣服上,其中一些可能被转移到蜂蜜样品中,这些样品也可能受到土壤污染的影响。
Microplastics, MPs, plastic fragments with a dimension lower than 5 mm, and microfibers, MFs, synthetic and natural/artificial fibrous fragments with a diameter lower than 50 μm, are ubiquitous pollutants identified in different environmental compartments. In this work the occurrence of MPs and MFs on honeybees, Apis mellifera, and beehive products was evaluated, using Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, confirming that MPs and MFs are widely present as air contaminants in all the apiary\'s areas (high and low urbanized areas) in Southern Italy. Results indicated that independently from the site, both honeybees and honey samples, are contaminated by MFs with non-natural color. The majority of MFs were of natural origin followed by artificial MFs and synthetic MFs. Moreover, the chemical composition of MFs isolated from honeybees reflect that used in synthetic fabrics, leading to the hypothesis that they are released from textile to air where are captured by bees. Results highlight that MFs represent a class of ubiquitous airborne anthropogenic pollutants. The identification of polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE, MPs in honeybees confirm the recent findings that PTFE MPs are diffuse soil and air contaminants while the identification of polyethylene, PE, based MPs in honey samples, from low density urban sites, could be correlated to the large use of PE in agriculture. In the honey samples, also polycaprolactone, PCL, MPs were identified, mainly in high density urban sites, confirming that biodegradable materials could be further pollutants in the environments. The results indicate that honeybees are contaminated by MPs and MFs during their flights or picking up from the hive components, flowers, from other nest mates, from the clothes of the beekeeper, among others and some of them could be transferred to honey samples that could be also affected by soil contamination.