由于它在眼睛的玻璃体液和实验室生物合成中被鉴定,透明质酸(HA)已成为几种药物的重要组成部分,营养,药用,和化妆品用途。然而,人们对其对水生居民的潜在毒理学影响知之甚少。在这里,我们调查了Clariasgariepinus对标称剂量HA的血液学反应。为了实现这一目标,将72条成鱼随机平均分为4组:对照组,低剂量(0.5mg/lHA),中等剂量(10mg/lHA),和高剂量(100mg/lHA)组,在暴露和恢复期,每组两周。这些发现证实了贫血的存在,嗜中性粒细胞增多症,白细胞减少症,淋巴细胞减少,和暴露于HA结束时的嗜酸性粒细胞增多。此外,观察到细胞增多和各种细胞形态学紊乱。在暴露组中观察到脾形态的剂量依赖性组织学改变。从水族馆取出HA2周后,暴露于两个最高剂量的组仍然表现出红细胞计数的显着下降,血红蛋白浓度,平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度,和平均红细胞体积的增加。此外,中性粒细胞明显上升,嗜酸性粒细胞,细胞改变,和核异常百分比,随着单核细胞的减少,再加上淋巴细胞的剂量依赖性减少。此外,恢复组中只有最高剂量的HA继续引起白细胞的显着增加。白细胞仍然较低,高剂量组的凋亡红细胞比例仍然较高。即使在恢复期之后,大多数血液学和组织学疾病的持续存在表明生理补偿机制未能克服与HA相关的问题或恢复持续时间不足。因此,这些发现鼓励将这种新的危险物质纳入生物监测计划,并提供了HA攻击鱼类的血液学特征的特定模式.使用剂量/时间窗方案探索HA的其他毒理学危害的进一步实验是非常必要的。
Since its identification in the vitreous humour of the eye and laboratory biosynthesis, hyaluronic acid (HA) has been a vital component in several pharmaceutical, nutritional, medicinal, and cosmetic uses. However, little is known about its potential toxicological impacts on aquatic inhabitants. Herein, we investigated the hematological response of Clarias gariepinus to nominal doses of HA. To achieve this objective, 72 adult
fish were randomly and evenly distributed into four groups: control, low-dose (0.5 mg/l HA), medium-dose (10 mg/l HA), and high-dose (100 mg/l HA) groups for two weeks each during both the exposure and recovery periods. The findings confirmed presence of anemia, neutrophilia, leucopoenia, lymphopenia, and eosinophilia at the end of exposure to HA. In addition, poikilocytosis and a variety of cytomorphological disturbances were observed. Dose-dependent histological alterations in spleen morphology were observed in the exposed groups. After HA removal from the aquarium for 2 weeks, the groups exposed to the two highest doses still exhibited a notable decline in red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and an increase in mean corpuscular volume. Additionally, there was a significant rise in neutrophils, eosinophils, cell alterations, and nuclear abnormalities percentages, along with a decrease in monocytes, coupled with a dose-dependent decrease in lymphocytes. Furthermore, only the highest dose of HA in the recovered groups continued to cause a significant increase in white blood cells. White blood cells remained lower, and the proportion of apoptotic RBCs remained higher in the high-dose group. The persistence of most of the haematological and histological disorders even after recovery period indicates a failure of physiological compensatory mechanisms to overcome the HA-associated problems or insufficient duration of recovery. Thus, these findings encourage the inclusion of this new hazardous agent in the biomonitoring program and provide a specific pattern of hematological profile in HA-challenged
fish. Further experiments are highly warranted to explore other toxicological hazards of HA using dose/time window protocols.