Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Prenatal fish intake is a key source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids needed for brain development, yet intake is generally low, and studies addressing associations with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and related traits are lacking.
OBJECTIVE: To examine associations of prenatal fish intake and omega-3 supplement use with both autism diagnosis and broader autism-related traits.
METHODS: Participants were drawn from 32 cohorts in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium. Children were born between 1999 and 2019 and part of ongoing follow-up with data available for analysis by August 2022. Exposures included self-reported maternal fish intake and omega-3/fish oil supplement use during pregnancy. Outcome measures included parent report of clinician-diagnosed ASD and parent-reported autism-related traits measured by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS)-Second Edition (n=3939 and n=3609 for fish intake analyses, respectively; n=4537 and n=3925 for supplement intake analyses, respectively).
RESULTS: In adjusted regression models, relative to no fish intake, fish intake during pregnancy was associated with reduced odds of autism diagnosis (OR=0.84, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.92), and a modest reduction in raw total SRS scores (b=-1.69, 95% CI -3.3 to -0.08). Estimates were similar across categories of fish consumption from \"any\" or \"less than once per week\" to \"more than twice per week.\" For omega-3 supplement use, relative to no use, no significant associations with autism diagnosis were identified, whereas a modest relation with SRS score was suggested (β=1.98, 95% CI 0.33-3.64).
CONCLUSIONS: These results extend prior work by suggesting that prenatal fish intake, but not omega-3 supplement use, may be associated with lower likelihood of both autism diagnosis and related traits. Given the low fish intake in the U.S. general population and the rising autism prevalence, these findings suggest the need for better public health messaging regarding guidelines on fish intake for pregnant individuals.
OBJECTIVE: To examine associations of prenatal fish intake and omega-3 supplement use with both autism diagnosis and broader autism-related traits.
METHODS: Participants were drawn from 32 cohorts in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium. Children were born between 1999 and 2019 and part of ongoing follow-up with data available for analysis by August 2022. Exposures included self-reported maternal fish intake and omega-3/fish oil supplement use during pregnancy. Outcome measures included parent report of clinician-diagnosed ASD and parent-reported autism-related traits measured by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS)-Second Edition (n=3939 and n=3609 for fish intake analyses, respectively; n=4537 and n=3925 for supplement intake analyses, respectively).
RESULTS: In adjusted regression models, relative to no fish intake, fish intake during pregnancy was associated with reduced odds of autism diagnosis (OR=0.84, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.92), and a modest reduction in raw total SRS scores (b=-1.69, 95% CI -3.3 to -0.08). Estimates were similar across categories of fish consumption from \"any\" or \"less than once per week\" to \"more than twice per week.\" For omega-3 supplement use, relative to no use, no significant associations with autism diagnosis were identified, whereas a modest relation with SRS score was suggested (β=1.98, 95% CI 0.33-3.64).
CONCLUSIONS: These results extend prior work by suggesting that prenatal fish intake, but not omega-3 supplement use, may be associated with lower likelihood of both autism diagnosis and related traits. Given the low fish intake in the U.S. general population and the rising autism prevalence, these findings suggest the need for better public health messaging regarding guidelines on fish intake for pregnant individuals.
摘要：
背景：产前鱼的摄入量是大脑发育所需的omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸的关键来源，然而摄入量普遍较低，缺乏与自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和相关特征相关的研究。
目的：研究产前鱼类摄入量和omega-3补充剂的使用与自闭症诊断和更广泛的自闭症相关特征的关联。
方法：参与者来自环境对儿童健康结果影响（ECHO）队列联盟的32个队列。儿童出生在1999年至2019年之间，并且是正在进行的随访的一部分，到2022年8月可用于分析的数据。暴露包括自我报告的母体鱼类摄入量和怀孕期间使用omega-3/鱼油补充剂。结果测量包括临床医生诊断的ASD的父母报告和父母报告的自闭症相关特征，通过社会反应量表（SRS）-第二版（用于鱼摄入量分析，n=3939和n=3609，分别为n=4537和n=3925，用于补充摄入量分析，分别)。
结果：在调整后的回归模型中，相对于没有鱼的摄入，怀孕期间的鱼摄入量与自闭症诊断的几率降低相关（OR=0.84，95％CI0.77至0.92），原始总SRS评分适度降低（b=-1.69，95%CI-3.3至-0.08）。从“任何”或“每周少于一次”到“每周超过两次”，鱼类消费类别的估计相似。\"对于omega-3补充剂的使用，相对于没有使用，与自闭症诊断没有显著关联，而建议与SRS评分有适度关系(β=1.98,95%CI0.33-3.64)。
结论：这些结果通过表明产前鱼类摄入量，但不使用omega-3补充剂，可能与自闭症诊断和相关特征的可能性较低有关。鉴于美国普通人群的鱼类摄入量低和自闭症患病率上升，这些发现表明，需要更好地宣传有关孕妇鱼类摄入指南的公共卫生信息。
目的：研究产前鱼类摄入量和omega-3补充剂的使用与自闭症诊断和更广泛的自闭症相关特征的关联。
方法：参与者来自环境对儿童健康结果影响（ECHO）队列联盟的32个队列。儿童出生在1999年至2019年之间，并且是正在进行的随访的一部分，到2022年8月可用于分析的数据。暴露包括自我报告的母体鱼类摄入量和怀孕期间使用omega-3/鱼油补充剂。结果测量包括临床医生诊断的ASD的父母报告和父母报告的自闭症相关特征，通过社会反应量表（SRS）-第二版（用于鱼摄入量分析，n=3939和n=3609，分别为n=4537和n=3925，用于补充摄入量分析，分别)。
结果：在调整后的回归模型中，相对于没有鱼的摄入，怀孕期间的鱼摄入量与自闭症诊断的几率降低相关（OR=0.84，95％CI0.77至0.92），原始总SRS评分适度降低（b=-1.69，95%CI-3.3至-0.08）。从“任何”或“每周少于一次”到“每周超过两次”，鱼类消费类别的估计相似。\"对于omega-3补充剂的使用，相对于没有使用，与自闭症诊断没有显著关联，而建议与SRS评分有适度关系(β=1.98,95%CI0.33-3.64)。
结论：这些结果通过表明产前鱼类摄入量，但不使用omega-3补充剂，可能与自闭症诊断和相关特征的可能性较低有关。鉴于美国普通人群的鱼类摄入量低和自闭症患病率上升，这些发现表明，需要更好地宣传有关孕妇鱼类摄入指南的公共卫生信息。
