最近的全球变暖趋势对全球生态系统构成了重大威胁。这种全球气候变化也影响了水生生态系统的污染水平,从而影响人类健康。为了解决这些问题,进行了一项实验,以研究铁纳米颗粒(Fe-NPs)对砷和氨毒性以及高温胁迫(AsNH3T)的缓解作用。Fe-NP是使用鱼废物生物合成的,并以10、15和20mgkg-1的饮食掺入饲料配方中。在涉及540条鱼的完全随机设计后,共设计了12种处理,一式三份。15mgkg-1饮食中的Fe-NPs显着降低了暴露于多种应激源的鱼中的皮质醇水平。HSP70、DNA损伤诱导蛋白(DDIP)、DNA损伤被应激源(AsNH3T)上调,被Fe-NP下调。凋亡基因(Cas3a和3b)和解毒基因(CYP450),金属硫蛋白(MT),在遭受AsNH3T胁迫的鱼中,Fe-NP在15mgkg-1饮食下下调了诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)。免疫相关基因,如肿瘤坏死因子(TNFα),免疫球蛋白(Ig),白细胞介素(IL)被Fe-NPs上调,表明鱼在As+NH3+T胁迫下的免疫力增强。相反,在AsNH3T胁迫下,鱼类在15mgkg-1饮食下的Fe-NP明显下调了Toll样受体(TLR)的表达。免疫学属性,如氯化硝基蓝四唑,总蛋白质,白蛋白,球蛋白,A:G比,和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)通过饮食Fe-NPs在15mgkg-1饮食的鱼,不管压力因素。抗氧化基因(CAT,SOD,和GPx)也被鱼类中的Fe-NPs增强。与生长性能相关的基因,如生长激素调节剂(GHR1和GHRβ),生长激素(GH),和胰岛素样生长因子(IGF1X和IGF2X),被上调,在压力下促进鱼类生长,而SMT和MYST在饮食中被Fe-NPs下调。在15mgkg-1饮食下,饮食Fe-NPs改善了各种生长性能指标。值得注意的是,Fe-NP还增强了砷的解毒作用,并降低了细菌感染后的累积死亡率。总之,这项研究强调,饮食中的Fe-NPs可以通过调节鱼类的基因表达来有效减轻砷和氨的毒性以及高温胁迫。
The recent trend of global warming poses a significant threat to ecosystems worldwide. This global climate change has also impacted the pollution levels in aquatic ecosystems, subsequently affecting human health. To address these issues, an experiment was conducted to investigate the mitigating effects of iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) on arsenic and ammonia toxicity as well as high temperature stress (As+NH3+T). Fe-NPs were biologically synthesized using
fish waste and incorporated into feed formulations at 10, 15, and 20 mg kg-1 diet. A total of 12 treatments were designed in triplicate following a completely randomized design involving 540
fish. Fe-NPs at 15 mg kg-1 diet notably reduced the cortisol levels in
fish exposed to multiple stressors. The gene expressions of HSP 70, DNA damage-inducible protein (DDIP), and DNA damage were upregulated by stressors (As+NH3+T) and downregulated by Fe-NPs. Apoptotic genes (Cas 3a and 3b) and detoxifying genes (CYP 450), metallothionein (MT), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were downregulated by Fe-NPs at 15 mg kg-1 diet in
fish subjected to As+NH3+T stress. Immune-related genes such as tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), immunoglobulin (Ig), and interleukin (IL) were upregulated by Fe-NPs, indicating enhanced immunity in fish under As+NH3+T stress. Conversely, Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression was notably downregulated by Fe-NPs at 15 mg kg-1 diet in fish under As+NH3+T stress. Immunological attributes such as nitro blue tetrazolium chloride, total protein, albumin, globulin, A:G ratio, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were improved by dietary Fe-NPs at 15 mg kg-1 diet in fish, regardless of stressors. The antioxidant genes (CAT, SOD, and GPx) were also strengthened by Fe-NPs in
fish. Genes associated with growth performance, such as growth hormone regulator (GHR1 and GHRβ), growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF 1X and IGF 2X), were upregulated, enhancing fish growth under stress, while SMT and MYST were downregulated by Fe-NPs in the diet. Various growth performance indicators were improved by dietary Fe-NPs at 15 mg kg-1 diet. Notably, Fe-NPs also enhanced arsenic detoxification and reduced the cumulative mortality after a bacterial infection. In conclusion, this study highlights that dietary Fe-NPs can effectively mitigate arsenic and ammonia toxicity as well as high temperature stress by modulating gene expression in fish.