背景:术语“问题饮酒”包括一系列酒精问题,从过量或大量饮酒到饮酒障碍。饮酒问题是全球死亡和残疾的主要风险因素。它以不同的方式被衡量和概念化,这使得很难确定问题酒精使用的常见风险因素。这项范围审查旨在综合有关饮酒问题评估的知识,其规模和相关因素。
方法:四个数据库(PubMed,Embase,PsycINFO,从成立之初到2023年11月25日,搜索了全球指数Medicus)和GoogleScholar。如果研究的重点是15岁及以上的人,以人群为基础的研究报告了酒精使用问题,并以英语发表。本综述是根据“系统综述和Meta分析的首选报告项目扩展范围”中的指南报告的。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表进行关键评估。
结果:从确定的14296条记录中,10749进行了标题/摘要筛选,其中评估了352篇全文,并纳入81篇文章进行数据提取。纳入的研究通过自我报告数量/频率问卷评估酒精使用情况,确定有风险的单次饮酒的标准,经过验证的筛选工具,或结构化的临床和诊断访谈。最广泛使用的筛选工具是酒精使用障碍鉴定测试。研究以各种方式定义了饮酒问题,包括过量/大量饮酒,暴饮暴食,酒精使用障碍,酗酒和酒精依赖。在整个研究中,大量饮酒的患病率从<1.0%到53.0%不等,暴饮暴食从2.7%上升到48.2%,酒精滥用从4.0%到19.0%,酒精依赖从0.1%到39.0%,酒精使用障碍从2.0%到66.6%。与饮酒问题相关的因素在不同的研究中有所不同。这些包括社会人口和经济因素(年龄,性别,关系状态,教育,employment,收入水平,宗教,种族,位置和酒精出口密度)和临床因素(如医疗问题,精神障碍,其他物质的使用和生活质量)。
结论:由于测量的差异,研究设计和评估风险因素,问题饮酒的患病率和相关因素在研究和环境中差异很大.酒精领域将受益于酒精使用和问题饮酒的统一测量,因为这将允许在各国之间进行比较并进行荟萃分析。
背景:开放科学框架ID:https://osf.io/2anj3。
BACKGROUND: The term \"problem drinking\" includes a spectrum of alcohol problems ranging from excessive or heavy drinking to alcohol use disorder. Problem drinking is a leading risk factor for death and disability globally. It has been measured and conceptualised in different ways, which has made it difficult to identify common risk factors for problem alcohol use. This scoping
review aims to synthesise what is known about the assessment of problem drinking, its magnitude and associated factors.
METHODS: Four databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Global Index Medicus) and Google Scholar were searched from inception to 25 November 2023. Studies were eligible if they focused on people aged 15 and above, were population-based studies reporting problem alcohol use and published in the English language. This
review was reported based on guidelines from the \'Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist\'. Critical appraisal was done using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
RESULTS: From the 14 296 records identified, 10 749 underwent title/abstract screening, of which 352 full-text articles were assessed, and 81 articles were included for data extraction. Included studies assessed alcohol use with self-report quantity/frequency questionnaires, criteria to determine risky single occasion drinking, validated screening tools, or structured clinical and diagnostic interviews. The most widely used screening tool was the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test. Studies defined problem drinking in various ways, including excessive/heavy drinking, binge drinking, alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. Across studies, the prevalence of heavy drinking ranged from <1.0% to 53.0%, binge drinking from 2.7% to 48.2%, alcohol abuse from 4.0% to 19.0%, alcohol dependence from 0.1% to 39.0% and alcohol use disorder from 2.0% to 66.6%. Factors associated with problem drinking varied across studies. These included sociodemographic and economic factors (age, sex, relationship status, education, employment, income level, religion, race, location and alcohol outlet density) and clinical factors (like medical problems, mental disorders, other substance use and quality of life).
CONCLUSIONS: Due to differences in measurement, study designs and assessed risk factors, the prevalence of and factors associated with problem drinking varied widely across studies and settings. The alcohol field would benefit from harmonised measurements of alcohol use and problem drinking as this would allow for comparisons to be made across countries and for meta-analyses to be conducted.
BACKGROUND: Open Science Framework ID: https://osf.io/2anj3.