其他的香烟消费方式包括各种电子产品,以及加热的烟草,鼻烟和水烟。本章中的问题是:怀孕期间使用了哪些其他消费方法(电子或含有烟草),它们的患病率是多少?它们的益处/风险平衡是什么?怀孕期间可以使用它们吗?尽管胎儿没有暴露于烟草的可燃毒素,电子烟产品可能含有尼古丁,保持胎儿的暴露。需要进一步研究电子烟的其他部件,如调味剂和丙二醇和/或甘油,以评估收益/风险平衡。此外,一些溶剂含有乙醇。在目前的知识状态下,应尊重预防原则,不建议在怀孕期间开始或继续使用电子烟(专业协议)。戒烟或电子烟戒烟,建议提供相同的建议,并使用已经评估过的方法(专业协议)。对于Juul来说,使用时,目前没有关于产科结局的数据。怀孕期间使用水烟与胎儿生长减少有关。建议不要在怀孕期间使用水烟(GradeC)。目前没有关于使用加热烟草和产科结果的数据。
Other methods of cigarette consumption include a variety of electronic products, as well as heated tobacco, snus and shisha. The questions in this chapter are: what other methods of consumption are used during pregnancy (either electronic or containing tobacco) and what is their prevalence? What is their benefit/risk balance? Can their use during pregnancy be proposed? Although the fetus is not exposed to the combustible toxins of tobacco, e-cigarette products may contain nicotine, which maintains the exposure of the fetus. Further research is needed on the other components of the electronic cigarette, such as flavorings and propylene glycol and/or glycerol, in order to assess the benefit/risk balance. In addition, some solvents contain ethanol. In the current state of knowledge, the precautionary principle should be respected and not recommend the initiation or continuation of the electronic cigarette during pregnancy (professional agreement). For smoking cessation or electronic cigarette cessation, it is recommended to provide the same advice and to use methods that have already been evaluated (professional agreement). For the JUUL, there are currently no data on obstetrical outcome when used. The use of shisha during pregnancy is associated with decreased fetal growth. It is recommended not to use shisha during pregnancy (GradeC). There are currently no data on the use of heated tobacco and obstetrical outcome.