目的:乳腺癌是全世界女性中最常见的癌症类型,也是女性癌症相关死亡的主要原因。关于可修改风险因素的知识,比如饮食,可以接受,廉价和非药物预防工具。这项研究的目的是调查膳食脂肪之间的关系,膳食脂肪酸,鱼的摄入量,和女性的乳腺癌。
方法:设计病例对照研究。连续共201次,新诊断,纳入波兰女性癌症患者(平均年龄:58岁)和201名一对一年龄匹配的对照.评估各种社会人口统计学的标准化问卷,临床,生活方式,并通过面对面访谈应用饮食特征。使用经过验证的食物频率问卷评估详细的饮食摄入信息。使用控制非饮食和饮食潜在混杂因素的多个非条件逻辑回归模型获得赔率比(OR)和95%置信区间(95CI)。
结果:与低摄入多不饱和脂肪(PUFA)相比,多不饱和脂肪(PUFA)摄入超过总能量摄入10%与乳腺癌风险显著降低相关(OR=0.4,95CI=0.19-0.85)。低(<0.2)omega-3/omega-6比率(OR=2.04,95CI=0.996-4.17),每6个月食鱼少于1次(OR=3.37,95CI=1.57~7.23)和超重(OR=2.07,95CI=1.3~3.3)与乳腺癌风险增加相关.与城市女性相比,农村居民的风险明显更高(OR=1.8,95CI=1.06-3.03)。
结论:多摄入PUFA可以降低患乳腺癌的风险,而较低的omega-3/omega-6比率会增加风险。此外,超重状态,从饮食中消除鱼和生活在农村地区也会增加患乳腺癌的风险。
OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women around the world and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women. The knowledge about modifiable risk factors, such as diet, can be an acceptable, cheap and non-pharmacological prevention tool. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary fat, dietary fatty acids, fish intake, and breast cancer in women.
METHODS: A
case-control study was designed. A total of 201 consecutive, newly diagnosed, polish female cancer patients (mean age: 58 years) and 201 one-to-one age-matched controls were enrolled. A standardised questionnaire assessing various socio-demographic, clinical, lifestyle, and dietary characteristics was applied via face-to-face interviews. Detailed dietary intake information was assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were obtained using multiple unconditional logistic regression models controlling for non-dietary and dietary potential confounders.
RESULTS: Consumption of polyunsaturated fats (PUFA) over 10% of total energy intake was associated with a significantly lower risk of breast cancer compared to low intake of PUFA (OR=0.4, 95%CI=0.19-0.85). Low (<0.2) omega-3/ omega-6 ratio (OR=2.04, 95%CI=0.996-4.17), fish consumption less than once every six months (OR=3.37, 95%CI=1.57-7.23) and being overweight (OR=2.07, 95%CI=1.3-3.3) were associated with increased risk of breast cancer. Residents of rural areas had a significantly higher risk compared to women from urban areas (OR=1.8, 95%CI=1.06-3.03).
CONCLUSIONS: High intake of PUFA can decrease the risk of breast cancer, while the low omega-3/omega-6 ratio increases the risk. In addition, overweight state, eliminating fish from the diet and living in rural areas can also increase the risk of breast cancer.