BACKGROUND: The increase in soft tissue (ST) around implants can benefit peri-implant health and aesthetic results. The objective was to compare the gingival and esthetic health benefits of immediate implant placement (IIP) with simultaneous or delayed connective tissue graft (CTG) compared to IIP without CTG.
METHODS: A systematic review was carried out by two reviewers in Medline-Pubmed, Scopus, and Cochrane. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were considered. Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) that were published between April 2017 and February 2024 were used. Studies that analyzed the performance of a simultaneous or deferred CTG after the placement of an implant in the aesthetic zone, with or without immediate provisionalization, without previous regeneration, with a follow-up of 6 months, and that were performed in humans were included.
RESULTS: Quantitative analysis was performed using data provided by the RCTs. The five RCTs that were selected analyzed a total \"n\" of 245 subjects who met the inclusion criteria and focused on the subject of the study. In the quantitative analysis, four RCTs were included. The studies evaluated buccal gingiva levels when placing the IIP with and without CTG, obtaining a mean buccal gingiva level difference of 0.09 mm (95% CI: -0.54 to 0.72, p = 0.05), statistically not significant, but with a favorable trend.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of CTG associated with the II can maintain the gum level but not increase the volume. CTG is favorable for achieving successful esthetic results when immediate placement of an implant with a provisional prosthesis is planned.

UNASSIGNED: Oral cancer is the sixth most prevalent cancer type worldwide. Patients are placed in a crippling predicament due to the functional and psychosocial difficulties brought on by the illness and its treatments. Both surgeons and maxillofacial prosthodontists may encounter challenges with reconstruction and therapy following cancer treatment. Over 20 years, the fibula has remained the mainstay of reconstructions for head and neck cancer. Maxillary and mandibular jaws with fibula reconstructions can use fixed or removable prosthetic rehabilitation solutions. The proposed scoping review aims to ascertain the volume and nature of evidence concerning the difficulties and corrective measures in the prosthetic rehabilitation of fibula-reconstructed head and neck cancer cases. The findings will aid in improving the prosthetic treatment care for the affected population.
UNASSIGNED: The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoping review protocol will be followed in developing and reporting the scoping review methodology. Methods to identify the relevant literature will involve the systematic search of databases like PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and gray literature sources for pertinent articles on the subject. Only papers published in English literature will be considered for the review, and the data collection period is limited to the past 20 years. The screening process will utilize defined inclusion/exclusion criteria for Title/Abstract and Full-text screening by two independent reviewers in covidence, and a third reviewer will resolve any conflicts. The data extracted will include specific details about the participants, concept, population, study methods, challenges encountered during prosthetic rehabilitation, and their management. Inductive thematic analysis and descriptive statistics will be applied where appropriate. The narrative synthesis of the evidence will be accomplished through data extraction in a tabular format, and the results will be presented as a narrative summary.

The number of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients requiring renal replacement therapy is increasing, often exhibiting oral manifestations including periodontal disease, gingival hyperplasia, altered saliva composition, and uremic stomatitis. Uremic stomatitis, xerostomia, and candidiasis are very frequent, particularly among patients undergoing dialysis or kidney transplant recipients. CKD patients also experience profound alterations in bone metabolism inherent in the homeostasis of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). These alterations lead to demineralization of the jaw bones, reduced bone trabeculae, reduced cortical bone thickness, fibrocystic bone lesions, bone fractures, and delayed wound healing post-tooth extraction. Consequently, oral health management of elderly hemodialysis patients poses serious clinical problems. This review focused on the oral health and rehabilitation of patients with CKD or on dialysis.

This systematic review evaluated the occlusal changes after loading with implant-supported single crowns.
An electronic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library for randomized (RCTs) or non-randomized controlled clinical trials (CCTs), with a minimum of 10 patients.
Studies reporting the occlusal force changes on implant-supported single crowns - with natural teeth as antagonist - measured at baseline and after loading periods were included. 4 CCTs including 133 ISCs in posterior sites were included for meta-analysis. All analyzed ISCs had no contact at a light bite and a light contact at a heavy bite in MIP at loading (baseline).
The relative occlusal forces (ROFs) of each implant-supported single crown (ISC) or control tooth (CT) were extracted. ROFs were defined as percentage of the total occlusal force of the entire dentition at maximum intercuspal position (MIP). A meta-analysis was conducted to compare the ROF changes at different follow-up periods and the weighted mean differences in ROF between ISCs and CTs were pooled and analyzed. The amount of change in ROF was significantly lower in 6 to 12 months after loading comparing the follow-up period between baseline and 6 month (p < 0.05). At baseline and 3-month follow-up, CTs presented significant higher ROF than ISCs (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was found after half year following.
This study showed that the ROF changes significantly over time after loading of ISCs. It might prove that the occlusal concept defined at the time of prosthetic delivery changes or adapts naturally over time.
The function of specific implant occlusal concept (no contact at a light bite and a light contact at a heavy bite in MIP) is limited over time and careful monitoring and occlusal adjustments should be recommendable during the first-year follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Titanium is considered to be an inert material owing to the ability of the material to form a passive titanium oxide layer. However, once the titanium oxide layer is lost, it can lead to exposure of the underlying titanium substructure and can undergo corrosion.
CONCLUSIONS: The article explores the role of titanium ions and particles from dental implants on cells, cytokine release, and on the systemic redistribution of these particles as well as theories proposed to elucidate the effects of these particles on peri-implant inflammation based on evidence from in-vitro, human, and animal studies. Titanium particles and ions have a pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic effect on cells and promote the release of pro-inflammatory mediators like cytokines. Three theories to explain etiopathogenesis have been proposed, one based on microbial dysbiosis, the second based on titanium particles and ions and the third based on a synergistic effect between microbiome and titanium particles on the host.
CONCLUSIONS: There is clear evidence from in-vitro and limited human and animal studies that titanium particles released from dental implants have a detrimental effect on cells directly and through the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Future clinical and translational studies are required to clarify the role of titanium particles and ions in peri-implant inflammation and the etiopathogenesis of peri-implantitis.

Although transcrestal sinus floor elevation (TSFE) is widely used for cases of insufficient residual bone height in the posterior maxilla, few studies have focused on the risk factors of early implant failure associated with TSFE procedures. This study aimed to identify and summarize the possible risk factors of implant failure associated with TSFE to ensure a more predictable implant survival rate using TSFE. We report the treatment of a patient with implant failure following TSFE and discuss this case\'s possible associated risk factors. A standard implant with a diameter of 4.8 mm and length of 10 mm was used after the TSFE procedure. Implant loosening was suddenly observed six weeks after the initial surgery. Factors that could result in early implant failure included patient-related risk factors, anatomical factors of the operational area, and operation- and implant-related factors. Within the current study\'s limitations, the graft material particles between the implant surface and socket could be considered a direct risk factor resulting in implant failure. Therefore, more attention should be paid to socket cleaning during the TSFE procedure, and loose particulate grafting materials should be discouraged. Another significant consideration for implant loss is the possibility of fractures in the buccal or palatal cortical plates during the site preparation and implant insertion. Thus, these factors should be studied further and receive more clinical attention.

Chitosan, a versatile biopolymer, has gained recognition in the discipline of dental implantology due to possessing salient properties. This comprehensive review explores the potential of chitosan in dental implants, focusing on its biocompatibility, bioactivity, and the various chitosan-based materials that have been utilized for dental implant therapy. The review also highlights the importance of surface treatment in dental implants to enhance osseointegration and inhibit bacterial biofilm formation. Additionally, the chemical structure, properties, and sources of chitosan are described, along with its different structural forms. The characteristics of chitosan particularly color, molecular weight, viscosity, and degree of deacetylation are discussed about their influence on its applications. This review provides valuable insights into the promising utilization of polymeric chitosan in enhancing the success and functionality of dental implants. This study highlights the potential applications of chitosan in oral implantology. Chitosan possesses various advantageous properties, including muco-adhesiveness, hemostatic action, biocompatibility, biodegradability, bioactivity, and antibacterial and antifungal activities, which enhance its uses in dental implantology. However, it has limited aqueous solubility at the physiological pH, which sometimes restricts its biological application, but this problem can be overcome by using modified chitosan or chitosan derivatives, which have also shown encouraging results. Recent research suggests that chitosan may act as a promising material for coating titanium-based implants, improving osteointegration together with antibacterial properties.

Background and Objectives: The availability of multiple dental implant systems makes it difficult for the treating dentist to identify and classify the implant in case of inaccessibility or loss of previous records. Artificial intelligence (AI) is reported to have a high success rate in medical image classification and is effectively used in this area. Studies have reported improved implant classification and identification accuracy when AI is used with trained dental professionals. This systematic review aims to analyze various studies discussing the accuracy of AI tools in implant identification and classification. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and the study was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). The focused PICO question for the current study was \"What is the accuracy (outcome) of artificial intelligence tools (Intervention) in detecting and/or classifying the type of dental implant (Participant/population) using X-ray images?\" Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE-PubMed, and Cochrane were searched systematically to collect the relevant published literature. The search strings were based on the formulated PICO question. The article search was conducted in January 2024 using the Boolean operators and truncation. The search was limited to articles published in English in the last 15 years (January 2008 to December 2023). The quality of all the selected articles was critically analyzed using the Quality Assessment and Diagnostic Accuracy Tool (QUADAS-2). Results: Twenty-one articles were selected for qualitative analysis based on predetermined selection criteria. Study characteristics were tabulated in a self-designed table. Out of the 21 studies evaluated, 14 were found to be at risk of bias, with high or unclear risk in one or more domains. The remaining seven studies, however, had a low risk of bias. The overall accuracy of AI models in implant detection and identification ranged from a low of 67% to as high as 98.5%. Most included studies reported mean accuracy levels above 90%. Conclusions: The articles in the present review provide considerable evidence to validate that AI tools have high accuracy in identifying and classifying dental implant systems using 2-dimensional X-ray images. These outcomes are vital for clinical diagnosis and treatment planning by trained dental professionals to enhance patient treatment outcomes.

A systematic review was designed to investigate the effect of treatment with oral bisphosphonate (BP) on osseointegration of dental implants and the incidence of BP-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) in postmenopausal women. Multiple electronic databases, including MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and SCOPUS, were searched to find all eligible articles published since 1990. All titles and abstracts retrieved by searching information sources were evaluated independently by 2 authors against the eligibility criteria. The number of cases ranged from 11 to 235, and the number of controls ranged from 14 to 343. Alendronate was used in all other studies. Risedronate was used in 6 studies, while ibandronate was used in 4 studies. The number of implants in cases ranged from 25 to 1267, while in controls, the number of implants ranged from 28 to 1450. The time between the placement of implant and the follow-up visit ranged from 4-6 months to 8 years. The results show that out of 2582 placed implants, 50 (1.94%) failed in BP-treated patients. This is while out of 4050 placed implants, 188 (4.6%) failed in the non-BP group. The results from the meta-analysis demonstrated that BP therapy is significantly associated with increased implant failure rates (RR = 1.73 [95% CI, 1.03-2.83], P = .04). Overall, the qualitative assessment of this review suggests that oral treatment with BPs in postmenopausal women does not increase the rate of dental implant failure. Thus, further studies with larger sample sizes should compare BP and non-BP groups in regard to dental implants.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the available evidence and assess the effect of different implant coatings on healing outcomes.
METHODS: Using the PICOS strategy, a structured question was formed. A protocol was agreed upon and registered with PROSPERO (no. CRD42022321926). The MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed, and ScienceDirect databases were searched using a structured strategy. Study selection was independently carried out in duplicate, first by title and abstract, then by full-text assessment. Quality and risk of bias were independently assessed in duplicate using AMSTAR 2 and ROBIS. Data extraction was independently undertaken in duplicate using a predefined extraction form.
RESULTS: The search yielded 11 systematic reviews for inclusion. The most commonly assessed coatings were based on calcium phosphate-including hydroxyapatite (HA), brushite, and bioabsorbable nano-HA-followed by bisphosphonate, then bioactive glass coatings. Included reviews most frequently assessed marginal bone loss (MBL), bone-to-implant contact (BIC), and survival/success rates. There was considerable heterogeneity and small sample sizes. The quality assessment suggested low confidence in the reviews and high risk of bias.
CONCLUSIONS: The included reviews provide weak evidence that implant coatings improve osseointegration and reduce MBL following implant placement. There was weak evidence for progressive complications for calcium phosphate coatings. Further research and long-term multicenter controlled clinical trials with improved standardization and control of bias are required to better understand the effects of coating implants.