南方根结线虫(Meloidogyneincognita)和枯萎病真菌(尖孢镰刀菌)是导致番茄农业产量大幅下降的最主要病原体之一。当前的研究计划评估M.incognita(Mi)和F.oxysporum(Fo)及其对两个番茄品种的共感染的影响,中杂09(ZZ09)和加灵茂芬802(GLM802)。本研究检查了共感染对叶片形态的影响,叶绿素含量,叶面积,和组织病理学。本研究使用代谢组学来评估植物-病原体的相互作用。当前研究的结果表明,在共同感染期间,GLM802的叶绿素含量和叶面积下降更多。在共感染(Fo+Mi)中,ZZ09的叶绿素含量降低了11%,而在GLM802中,与对照相比,减少达到高达31%。此外,ZZ09的叶片减少了31%,然而,与对照植物相比,在GLM802中观察到54%的减少。同样,GLM802茎在其维管束上显示出比ZZ09茎更大的棕色斑块。在共感染期间,GLM802茎的褐变率比ZZ09高247%。此外,GLM802根比ZZ09根表现出更高的菌丝和更大的虫卵。在代谢研究中,谷胱甘肽,琥珀酸,2-异丙基苹果酸减少,而精胺和富马酸在GLM802共感染的茎中增加。这表明GLM802具有弱抗性;因此,F.尖孢和其他病原体容易损伤组织。在ZZ09的共感染茎中,L-天冬酰胺和莽草酸增加,但是哌啶酸,L-糖精,和2-异丙基苹果酸下降。L-天冬酰胺是维持氮代谢稳定性的关键,叶绿素合成,和ZZ09中的叶片生长。莽草酸的大量积累可以解释在ZZ09的维管束中观察到的褐变程度有限。因此,本研究提供了对两个番茄品种中隐身分枝杆菌和尖孢分枝杆菌共感染的见解,这可能有助于育种工作,以产生商业上可行的抗性品种。然而,今后还需要进一步研究不同寄主植物中隐病分枝杆菌与尖孢酵母的关系。
Southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and Fusarium wilt fungus (Fusarium oxysporum) are one of the most predominant pathogens responsible for substantial agricultural yield reduction of tomato. The current study planned to assess the effects of M. incognita (Mi) and F. oxysporum (Fo) and their co-infection on two tomato
cultivars, Zhongza 09 (ZZ09) and Gailing Maofen 802 (GLM802). The present study examined the effects of co-infection on leaf morphology, chlorophyll content, leaf area, and histopathology. The present study used metabolomics to evaluate plant-pathogen interactions. The outcomes of the current study revealed that chlorophyll content and leaf area decreased more in GLM802 during co-infection. In co-infection (Fo + Mi), the chlorophyll content reduction in ZZ09 was 11%, while in GLM802 the reduction reached up to 31% as compared to control. Moreover, the reduction in leaf are in ZZ09 was 31%, however, in the GLM802 reduction was observed 54% as compared to control plants. Similarly, GLM802 stems exhibited larger brown patches on their vascular bundles than ZZ09 stems. The rate of browning of GLM802 stems was 247% more than ZZ09, during co-infection. Moreover, GLM802 roots exhibited a higher abundance of hyphae and larger galls than ZZ09 roots. In metabolic studies, glutathione, succinic acid, and 2-isopropylmalic acid decreased, whereas spermine and fumaric acid increased in GLM802 co-infected stems. It indicates that GLM802 is weakly resistant; therefore, F. oxysporum and other pathogens readily damage tissue. In the co-infected stem of ZZ09, L-asparagine and shikimic acid increased, but pipecolic acid, L-saccharine, and 2-isopropylmalic acid declined. L-asparagine was crucial in preserving the stability of nitrogen metabolism, chlorophyll synthesis, and leaf growth in ZZ09. Shikimic acid\'s substantial accumulation could explain the limited extent of browning observed in the vascular bundles of ZZ09. Thus, the present study provides insight into M. incognita and F. oxysporum co-infection in two tomato
cultivars, which may aid breeding efforts to generate commercially viable resistant
cultivars. However, further research on the relationship between M. incognita and F. oxysporum in different host plants is required in the future.