crop improvement

作物改良
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    随着近10年来植物基因组编辑技术的快速发展,更有效和强大的作物基因组编辑应用现在是可能的。可以使用基于CRISPR/Cas9的敲除并通过基因表达的上调和下调来验证关键性状的候选基因。同样,新的性状改进方法可以利用有针对性的编辑来提高压力耐受性,抗病性,和营养特征。然而,对于可能是植物基因组编辑新手的研究人员来说,这个过程中的几个关键步骤可能很棘手。这里,我们提出了作物基因组编辑流程的分步指南和最佳实践,这将有助于提高成功率。过程中的重要因素包括适当的靶序列分析和单向导RNA(sgRNA)设计,对感兴趣的基因型中的靶位点进行测序,进行体外CRISPR/Cas9核糖核蛋白(RNP)测定以验证设计的sgRNA,准备转换结构,考虑原生质体编辑步骤作为进一步验证,and,最后,通过Sanger和/或下一代测序进行稳定的植物转化和突变检测。有了这些详细的指导方针,新用户应该能够在他们感兴趣的作物中快速建立基因组编辑流程,并开始利用不同的基于CRISPR/Cas的编辑变体进行基因验证和性状改善.
    With the rapid advances in plant genome editing techniques over the past 10 years, more efficient and powerful crop genome editing applications are now possible. Candidate genes for key traits can be validated using CRISPR/Cas9-based knockouts and through the up- and down-regulation of gene expression. Likewise, new trait improvement approaches can take advantage of targeted editing to improve stress tolerance, disease resistance, and nutritional traits. However, several key steps in the process can prove tricky for researchers who might be new to plant genome editing. Here, we present step-by-step guidelines and best practices for a crop genome editing pipeline that should help to improve the rate of success. Important factors in the process include proper target sequence analysis and single guide RNA (sgRNA) design, sequencing of the target site in the genotypes of interest, performing an in vitro CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) assay to validate the designed sgRNAs, preparing the transformation constructs, considering a protoplast editing step as further validation, and, finally, stable plant transformation and mutation detection by Sanger and/or next-generation sequencing. With these detailed guidelines, a new user should be able to quickly set up a genome editing pipeline in their crop of interest and start making progress with the different CRISPR/Cas-based editing variants for gene validation and trait improvement purposes.
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