未经证实:封锁对于减少COVID-19大流行期间的疾病传播至关重要,即使在疫苗可用之后也是如此。我们的目标是评估和比较全球不同城市大流行第一年空气质量的变化,调查这些变化如何与流动性变化相关,并分析封锁如何影响空气污染物\'年度平均值。
UNASSIGNED:我们将2020年大流行的头几个月全球42个城市的NO2,PM2.5和PM10的浓度与2016-2019年的数据进行了比较,并使用人类发展指数(HDIs)将它们与流动性变化相关联。在此期间空气污染物下降幅度最大的城市对2020年全年进行了评估。我们计算了这些城市的年度平均值,并将其与新的世界卫生组织(WHO)空气质量指南进行了比较。使用学生t检验(95%置信区间)来评估显著变化。
未经评估:NO2,PM2.5和PM10的最高降幅在-50%至-70%之间。在大流行的最初几个月之后,对2020年全年进行评估的城市总体上显示空气污染水平有所恢复。除了伦敦。这些变化与一些城市的NO2和PM2.5的全年流动指数呈正相关。空气污染物的最高年度平均减少量为-20%至-35%。总的来说,与PM2.5和PM10相比,NO2的降幅更高。所有分析的城市都显示出年度平均值不符合新的世卫组织空气质量准则,NO2为10μg/m3,数值高出1.7和4.3倍。对于PM2.5,除新德里外,所有城市的PM2.5值都比世界卫生组织指南的5微克/立方米高1.3至7.6倍,价值高18倍。对于PM10,只有纽约遵守了15μg/m3的新准则,所有其他城市都高出1.1至4.2倍,除了新德里,高出11倍。
UNASIGNED:这些数据表明,即使在全球范围内严重影响交通和经济活动并减少空气污染的大流行期间,遵守新的世卫组织准则将要求在我们生产能源的方式上做出全球战略努力,在城市和周围移动,和制造产品。
UNASSIGNED: Lockdowns have been fundamental to decreasing disease transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic even after vaccines were available. We aimed to evaluate and compare changes in air quality during the first year of the pandemic in different cities around the world, investigate how these changes correlate with changes in mobility, and analyse how lockdowns affected air pollutants\' annual means.
UNASSIGNED: We compared the concentrations of NO2, PM2.5, and PM10 in 42 cities around the world in the first months of the pandemic in 2020 to data from 2016-2019 and correlated them with changes in mobility using Human Development Indexes (HDIs). Cities with the highest decreases in air pollutants during this period were evaluated for the whole year 2020. We calculated the annual means for these cities and compared them to the new World Health Organization (WHO) Air Quality
Guidelines. A Student\'s t-test (95% confidence interval) was used to evaluate significant changes.
UNASSIGNED: Highest decreases in NO2, PM2.5, and PM10 were between -50 and -70%. Cities evaluated for the whole year 2020 generally showed a recovery in air pollution levels after the initial months of the pandemic, except for London. These changes positively correlated with year-long mobility indexes for NO2 and PM2.5 for some cities. The highest reductions in air pollutants\' annual means were from -20 to -35%. In general, decreases were higher for NO2, compared to PM2.5 and PM10. All analysed cities showed annual means incompliant with the new WHO Air Quality
Guidelines for NO2 of 10 μg/m3, with values 1.7 and 4.3 times higher. For PM2.5, all cities showed values 1.3 to 7.6 times higher than the WHO
Guidelines of 5 μg/m3, except for New Delhi, with a value 18 times higher. For PM10, only New York complied with the new
guidelines of 15 μg/m3 and all the other cities were 1.1 to 4.2 times higher, except for New Delhi, which was 11 times higher.
UNASSIGNED: These data show that even during a pandemic that highly affected mobility and economic activities and decreased air pollution around the world, complying with the new WHO
Guidelines will demand a global strategical effort in the way we generate energy, move in and around the cities, and manufacture products.