背景:在西方世界,以植物为基础的受欢迎程度显著上升,肉类减少弹性饮食。然而,关于遵循这种膳食模式的个体营养状况的数据不足。这项研究的目的是调查由灵活主义者(FXs)组成的健康德国成人研究人群中各种营养素的摄入量和内源性状态,素食主义者(Vs)和杂食动物(OMN)。
方法:在这项横断面研究中,94名非吸烟成年人的饮食摄入量(32个FXs,33Vs,使用3天的饮食记录评估了25至45岁之间的29个OMNs)。此外,收集血液样本以确定不同的内源性营养状态标志物.
结果:32%,82%和24%的FXs,Vs,和OMN分别报告使用膳食补充剂。在FXs中,总能量以及大量营养素和大多数微量营养素的摄入量在参考范围内。FXs的纤维摄入量较高,视黄醇-equ.,抗坏血酸,叶酸-equ.,生育酚-equ.,钙,和镁与OMN相比。然而,FXs中的钴胺摄入量(2.12µg/d)低于参考(4µg/d)。基于4cB12,13%的FXs显示钴胺素供应不足[<-0.5至-2.5],与10%的OMN相比,9%的Vs。FXs中的25(OH)D血清浓度中位数,Vs和OMN分别为46.6、55.6和59.6nmol/L。维生素D不足/缺乏状态[<49.9nmol25(OH)D/L]的患病率在FXs中最高(53%),其次是Vs(34%)和OMN(27%)。在FXs和Vs中,补充剂服用者的钴胺素和维生素D状态优于非补充剂服用者.在所有组中仅偶尔发现贫血和铁储备耗尽。在女性中,与Vs(61%)和OMNs(54%)相比,FXs(67%)中潜在缺铁和缺铁的患病率最高.
结论:我们的研究结果表明,所有三种饮食都提供了足够量的大多数宏观和微量营养素。然而,缺乏钴胺素,维生素D,铁状态在所有饮食中都很常见。需要进一步的研究来调查减少肉类的植物性饮食的营养供应状况和健康后果。该研究在德国临床试验注册(编号:DRKS00019887,数据:08.01.2020)中注册。
BACKGROUND: In the Western world, there has been a notable rise in the popularity of plant-based, meat-reduced flexitarian diets. Nevertheless, there is insufficient data on the nutritional status of individuals following this dietary pattern. The aim of this study was to investigate the intake and endogenous status of various nutrients in a healthy German adult
study population consisting of flexitarians (FXs), vegans (Vs) and omnivores (OMNs).
METHODS: In this cross-sectional
study, dietary intake of 94 non-smoking adults (32 FXs, 33 Vs, 29 OMNs) between 25 and 45 years of age was assessed using 3-day dietary records. In addition, blood samples were collected to determine different endogenous nutrient status markers.
RESULTS: 32%, 82% and 24% of the FXs, Vs, and OMNs respectively reported using dietary supplements. In the FXs, intake of total energy as well as macronutrients and most micronutrients were within the reference range. FXs had higher intakes of fiber, retinol-equ., ascorbic acid, folate-equ., tocopherol-equ., calcium, and magnesium compared to OMNs. However,
cobalamin intake in FXs (2.12 µg/d) was below the reference (4 µg/d). Based on 4cB12, 13% of FXs showed a cobalamin undersupply [< -0.5 to -2.5] compared to 10% of OMNs, and 9% of Vs. The median 25(OH)D serum concentrations in FXs, Vs and OMNs were 46.6, 55.6, and 59.6 nmol/L. The prevalence of an insufficient/deficient vitamin-D status [< 49.9 nmol 25(OH)D/L] was highest in FXs (53%), followed by Vs (34%) and OMNs (27%). In FXs and Vs, the supplement takers had better cobalamin and vitamin-D status than non-supplement takers. Anemia and depleted iron stores were found only occasionally in all groups. In women, the prevalence of pre-latent iron deficiency and iron deficiency was highest in FXs (67%) compared to Vs (61%) and OMNs (54%).
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicated that all three diets delivered sufficient amounts of most macro- and micronutrients. However, deficiencies in
cobalamin, vitamin-D, and iron status were common across all diets. Further studies are needed to investigate the nutrient supply status and health consequences of meat-reduced plant-based diets. The
study was registered in the German Clinical
Trial Register (number: DRKS 00019887, data: 08.01.2020).