抗生素耐药性的全球扩散对公众健康构成严重威胁。解决抗生素耐药性感染需要创新的方法,例如抗菌纳米结构表面(ANSs)。这些表面,具有有序的纳米结构阵列,在接触时表现出杀死细菌的能力。然而,目前开发的大多数ANSs都使用生物惰性材料,缺乏对促进组织再生至关重要的生物活性,特别是在骨感染的情况下。这项研究介绍了由生物活性磷酸钙纳米晶体组成的ANSs。通过无定形磷酸钙(ACP)前体的生物矿化激发生长产生了两个不同的ANS。ANSs对革兰氏阴性(P.铜绿假单胞菌)和革兰氏阳性(S.金黄色葡萄球菌)抗生素抗性细菌,接触仅4小时后,粘附细菌的死亡率高达75%。值得注意的是,具有较薄和较少取向的纳米针的ANS表现出优异的功效,这归因于同时的膜破裂和氧化应激诱导。此外,ANSs促进哺乳动物细胞的增殖,增强附着力,传播,减少氧化应激。ANSs对人类间充质干细胞也显示出显著的生物活性,促进定植和诱导成骨分化。具体来说,具有更厚和更有序的纳米针的ANS表现出增强的效果。总之,这项工作中引入的ANSs具有作为开发能够根除部位感染同时刺激骨再生的骨移植材料的基础的潜力。重要性声明:通过机械杀菌机制具有抗菌性能的纳米结构表面在对抗抗生素抗性方面显示出显著的潜力。然而,这些表面还没有用开发既抗菌又能刺激组织再生的装置所必需的生物活性材料制造。这项研究证明了通过生物矿化启发的生长来创建有序磷酸钙纳米针的纳米结构表面的可行性。这些表面表现出双重功能,作为抗革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性抗生素抗性细菌的有效杀菌剂,同时还促进哺乳动物细胞的增殖和诱导人间充质干细胞的成骨分化。因此,这种方法在骨感染的背景下有希望,引入创新的纳米结构表面,可用于开发抗菌和成骨移植物。
The global diffusion of antibiotic resistance poses a severe threat to public health. Addressing antibiotic-resistant infections requires innovative approaches, such as antibacterial nanostructured surfaces (ANSs). These surfaces, featuring ordered arrays of nanostructures, exhibit the ability to kill bacteria upon contact. However, most currently developed ANSs utilize bioinert materials, lacking bioactivity crucial for promoting tissue regeneration, particularly in the context of bone infections. This study introduces ANSs composed of bioactive calcium phosphate nanocrystals. Two distinct ANSs were created through a biomineralization-inspired growth of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) precursors. The ANSs demonstrated efficient antibacterial properties against both Gram-negative (P. aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (S. aureus) antibiotic resistant bacteria, with up to 75 % mortality in adhered bacteria after only 4 h of contact. Notably, the ANS featuring thinner and less oriented nano-needles exhibited superior efficacy attributed to simultaneous membrane rupturing and oxidative stress induction. Moreover, the ANSs facilitate the proliferation of mammalian cells, enhancing adhesion, spreading, and reducing oxidative stress. The ANSs displayed also significant bioactivity towards human mesenchymal stem cells, promoting colonization and inducing osteogenic differentiation. Specifically, the ANS with thicker and more ordered nano-needles demonstrated heightened effects. In conclusion, ANSs introduced in this work have the potential to serve as foundation for developing bone graft materials capable of eradicate site infections while concurrently stimulating bone regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Nanostructured surfaces with antibacterial properties through a mechano-bactericidal mechanism have shown significant potential in fighting antibiotic resistance. However, these surfaces have not been fabricated with bioactive materials necessary for developing devices that are both antibacterial and able to stimulate tissue regeneration. This study demonstrates the feasibility of creating nanostructured surfaces of ordered calcium phosphate nano-needles through a biomineralization-inspired growth. These surfaces exhibit dual functionality, serving as effective bactericidal agents against Gram-negative and Gram-positive antibiotic-resistant bacteria while also promoting the proliferation of mammalian cells and inducing osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Consequently, this approach holds promise in the context of bone infections, introducing innovative nanostructured surfaces that could be utilized in the development of antimicrobial and osteogenic grafts.