背景:了解针对老年人的身体活动计划/服务的随机对照试验(RCT)中使用的行为改变技术(BCT)可以帮助我们指导其在现实世界中的实施。
目的:本研究旨在:(a)确定老年人身体活动项目/服务中使用的BCT的数量和类型,高质量的随机对照试验和(b)探讨不同BCT对不同结局域的影响。
方法:这是世卫组织委托对老年人身体活动计划/服务进行快速审查的二级数据分析。使用已发布的BCT分类法,对56项试验测试了70种干预措施,对存在的BCT的类型和数量进行了编码。使用最常见的BCT从身体活动干预中发现的积极影响的比例是针对身体活动的结果计算的。内在能力,功能能力,社会领域,认知和情感功能,幸福和生活质量。
结果:在纳入的试验中确定了93个可能的BCT中的39个,总共529个BCT(平均7.6个,范围2-17)。最常见的BCT是“行动计划”(68/70干预),“关于如何执行行为的说明”(60/70),“分级任务”(53/70),“行为示范”(44/70),和“行为实践/排练”(43/70)。使用任何最常见的BCT的干预措施对身体活动和社会领域的结果表现出压倒性的积极影响。
结论:考虑哪些BCT被纳入干预措施及其对结果的影响可以提高未来干预措施的有效性和实施。为了实现这一点,供应商可以设计,工具,并使用BCT分类法评估干预措施。
旨在改变健康相关行为的干预措施,比如身体活动,通常是复杂的,有许多组件。为了更好地理解干预措施的“活性成分”,“我们对世界卫生组织(WHO)委托的快速审查进行了二次分析,使用行为改变技术(BCT)分类法。我们旨在对老年人身体活动计划中BCT的数量和类型进行分类,如随机对照试验(RCT)所确定,并检查它们对结果的影响,包括体力活动,内在能力,功能能力,社会领域,认知和情感功能,和幸福。检查56项试验,测试70项干预措施,我们确定了93个可能的BCT中的39个,总共529个跨干预措施的实例。常见的BCT包括“行动计划,“”关于如何执行行为的说明,“”分级任务,“”行为的示范,和“行为练习/排练”。使用10种最常见的BCT进行的干预对身体活动和社会领域的结果表现出压倒性的积极影响。然而,这些BCT在其他领域取得积极成果的干预措施中并不一致,效果变化更大。我们的研究强调了在设计身体活动干预措施时确定BCT和预期结果的重要性。我们主张在设计和实施未来计划时使用分类法,以最大限度地提高效力。
Understanding behavior change techniques (BCTs) used in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of physical activity programs/services for older adults can help us to guide their implementation in real-world settings.
This study aims to: (a) identify the number and type of BCTs used in physical activity programs/services for older adults evaluated in large, good quality RCTs and (b) explore the impact of different BCTs on different outcome domains.
This is a secondary data analysis of a WHO-commissioned rapid
review of physical activity programs/services for older adults. Fifty-six trials testing 70 interventions were coded for the type and number of BCTs present using a published BCT taxonomy. The proportion of positive effects found from physical activity interventions using the most common BCTs was calculated for the outcomes of physical activity, intrinsic capacity, functional ability, social domain, cognitive and emotional functioning, and well-being and quality of life.
Thirty-nine of the 93 possible BCTs were identified in the included trials and 529 BCTs in total (mean 7.6, range 2-17). The most common BCTs were \"action planning\" (68/70 interventions), \"instructions on how to perform a behavior\" (60/70), \"graded tasks\" (53/70), \"demonstration of behavior\" (44/70), and \"behavioral practice/rehearsal\" (43/70). Interventions that used any of the most common BCTs showed overwhelmingly positive impacts on physical activity and social domain outcomes.
Consideration of which BCTs are included in interventions and their impact on outcomes can improve the effectiveness and implementation of future interventions. To enable this, providers can design, implement, and evaluate interventions using a BCT taxonomy.
Interventions aimed at modifying health-related behaviors, such as physical activity, are often complex, with numerous components. To better understand interventions’ “active ingredients,” we conducted a secondary analysis of a World Health Organization (WHO)-commissioned rapid
review, using a behavior change technique (BCT) taxonomy. We aimed to classify the number and types of BCTs in physical activity programs for older adults, as identified in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and examine their impact on outcomes, including physical activity, intrinsic capacity, functional ability, social domain, cognitive and emotional functioning, and well-being. Examining 56 trials testing 70 interventions, we identified 39 out of 93 possible BCTs, totaling 529 instances across interventions. Common BCTs included “action planning,” “instructions on how to perform a behavior,” “graded tasks,” “demonstration of behavior,” and “behavioral practice/rehearsal.” Interventions using the 10 most common BCTs demonstrated overwhelmingly positive impacts on physical activity and social domain outcomes. However, these BCTs were not consistently present in interventions yielding positive outcomes in other domains, with greater variation in effects. Our study highlights the significance of identifying both BCTs and desired outcomes when designing physical activity interventions. We advocate for the use of a taxonomy in designing and implementing future programs to maximize effectiveness.