背景:肩痛和肘部疼痛是棒球运动员投掷受伤的常见主诉。已经发表了前瞻性研究,评估了拉伸在增加后肩柔韧性或增强外部旋转肌作为预防棒球运动员投掷伤害的策略方面的有效性。然而,只有有限的评论强调了预防干预措施对棒球运动员投掷受伤的作用。因此,本范围综述旨在总结现有的有关棒球运动员投掷伤预防性干预措施的文献.
方法:我们搜索了Cochrane中央对照试验登记册,MEDLINE,和Scopus数据库在2023年3月3日。两名独立审核员根据资格标准对研究进行了筛选。我们提取了有关棒球运动员投掷伤的预防性干预措施和有效性的现有文献,并从研究中提取参与者的特征和结果。此范围审查是根据系统审查的扩展首选报告项目和范围审查的荟萃分析声明进行的。
结果:最初的数据库搜索产生了1170篇文章,其中四个符合资格标准。在纳入的研究中,两项是随机对照试验,其余两项为前瞻性队列研究.符合条件的研究针对青少年到高中水平的球员,并专注于预防棒球运动员上肢受伤的预防计划。最常用于量化预防计划有效性的结果测量是肩部和肘部损伤的发生率。虽然定义因研究而异。预防计划包括卧铺伸展,肩部外旋加强练习,和全面的预防计划(重点是改善肘部,肩膀,和髋部活动范围;肩袖和肩胛骨周围肌肉力量;姿势;和下肢平衡)。据报道,每个预防计划都有可能减少棒球运动员投掷受伤的发生率,两项研究表明,对该计划的高依从性可降低受伤风险。
结论:这项范围审查证实了对棒球运动员投掷伤的预防性干预措施的研究。可以减少棒球运动员投掷伤害的预防性干预措施包括卧铺伸展,肩部外旋加强练习,全面的预防方案。然而,参与者的特征(例如,年龄,运动水平,和位置)和损伤的定义在以前的研究中有所不同。伤害情况和预防策略可能因年龄而异,运动水平,和球员的位置,需要更多的研究来证明这个问题。
BACKGROUND: Shoulder and elbow pain are the common complaints associated with throwing injuries in baseball players. Prospective studies evaluating the effectiveness of stretching in increasing posterior shoulder flexibility or strengthening the external rotator muscles as preventive strategies for throwing injuries in baseball players have been published. However, there are limited reviews highlighting the role of preventive interventions for throwing injuries in
baseball players. Therefore, this scoping
review aimed to summarize the existing literature on preventive interventions for throwing injuries in
baseball players.
METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases on 3 March 2023. Two independent reviewers screened the studies based on the eligibility criteria. We extracted existing literature on preventive interventions and effectiveness for throwing injuries in baseball players, and participants\' characteristics and results were extracted from the studies. This scoping
review was performed in accordance with the Extended Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement for Scoping Reviews.
RESULTS: The initial database search yielded 1170 articles, four of which met the eligibility criteria. Of the included studies, two were randomized controlled trials, and the remaining two were prospective cohort studies. Eligible studies targeted youth-to high school-level players and focused on preventive programs for throwing injuries that manifest in the upper extremities of baseball players. The outcome measure most commonly used to quantify the effectiveness of prevention programs was the incidence of shoulder and elbow injuries, although the definitions vary among studies. The prevention program included sleeper stretching, shoulder external rotation strengthening exercises, and comprehensive prevention programs (focusing on improving the elbow, shoulder, and hip range of motion; rotator cuff and periscapular muscle strength; posture; and lower extremity balance). Each prevention program was reported to have the potential to reduce the incidence of throwing injuries in baseball players, and two studies suggested that high compliance with the program led to a lower injury risk.
CONCLUSIONS: This scoping
review confirmed the presence of studies that examined preventive interventions for throwing injuries in
baseball players. Preventive interventions that may reduce throwing injuries in baseball players include sleeper stretching, shoulder external rotation strengthening exercises, and comprehensive prevention programs. However, the characteristics of participants (eg, age, sports level, and position) and the definition of injury varied among previous studies. Injury profiles and prevention strategies may differ according to age, sport level, and position of players, and more studies are needed to prove this issue.