开发用于水处理的多功能材料仍然是一个重大挑战。细菌纤维素(BC)作为具有高污染物结合能力的吸附剂具有巨大的潜力,亲水性,和生物安全。在这项研究中,N-乙酰葡糖胺被用作发酵BC的碳源,原位掺入酰胺键。膨润土,以其吸附性能而闻名,被添加到培养基中,通过一步发酵过程生成BC-膨润土复合膜。聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)通过希夫碱反应通过戊二醛与膜上的酰胺键交联,以增强复合膜的性能。获得的膜表现出增加的亲水性,增强的活性吸附位点,和扩大的比表面积。它不仅通过其独特的结构物理吸附污染物,而且还有效地捕获染料分子(刚果红,亚甲蓝,孔雀石绿)通过静电相互作用。此外,它与金属离子形成稳定的络合物(Cd²,Pb²,Cu²的)通过配位并有效地吸附了它们的混合物。此外,复合膜具有广谱抗菌活性,有效抑制测试细菌的生长。本研究介绍了一种制造复合膜作为复杂水污染物吸附剂的创新方法,显示出有机染料长期废水处理的巨大潜力,重金属离子,和病原体。
Developing multifunctional materials for water treatment remains a significant challenge. Bacterial cellulose (BC) holds immense potential as an adsorbent with high pollutant-binding capacity, hydrophilicity, and biosafety. In this study, N-acetylglucosamine was used as a carbon source to ferment BC, incorporating amide bonds in situ. Bentonite, renowned for its adsorption properties, was added to the culture medium, resulting in BC-bentonite composite membranes via a one-step fermentation process. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) was crosslinked with amide bonds on the membrane via glutaraldehyde through Schiff base reactions to enhance the performance of the composite membrane. The obtained membrane exhibited increased hydrophilicity, enhanced active adsorption sites, and enlarged specific surface area. It not only physically adsorbed contaminants through its unique structure but also effectively captured dye molecules (Congo red, Methylene blue, Malachite green) via electrostatic interactions. Additionally, it formed stable complexes with metal ions (Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺) through coordination and effectively adsorbed their mixtures. Moreover, the composite membrane demonstrated the broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, effectively inhibiting the growth of tested bacteria. This study introduces an innovative method for fabricating composite membranes as adsorbents for complex water pollutants, showing significant potential for long-term wastewater treatment of organic dyes, heavy metal ions, and pathogens.