空气传播的微生物和生物物质(生物气溶胶)在全球生物地球化学循环中起着关键作用,人类和作物健康趋势,和气候模式。它们在大气中的存在受三个主要阶段的控制:排放,运输,和沉积。通过适应诸如紫外线辐射和抗干燥性或与颗粒物的关联,生物气溶胶的空中存活率得以提高。当前对气候变化等现代问题的研究,全球基因转移,和致病性往往忽视考虑大气的参与。这份全面的综述概述了生物气溶胶在大气中跨分类单元的蒸发,重点关注它们与包括非生物因素在内的环境因素的相互作用(例如,大气成分,水循环,和污染)和事件(例如,沙尘暴,飓风,和野火)。这篇综述的目的是增进对全球大气现象与空气微生物组之间相互作用的理解并阐明所需的研究。大量记录的细菌和真菌在其循环和人类健康影响的背景下进行了讨论。关于空气传播病毒社区的知识差距,研究他们组成的挑战和重要性,解决了空气中的浓度和生存问题,以及研究不足的植物致病卵菌,和古细菌骑自行车。抽样的关键方法,收藏,和处理被描述以提供该领域的改进的最新图片。我们建议优化微生物方法,常用于土壤和水分析,使它们适应空气生物学的背景,以及其他朝着新颖和必要的进步的方向。这篇综述为空气微生物学提供了新的视角,并呼吁在全球规模的生物修复方面取得进展。对生态学的见解,气候变化的影响,和致病性透射率。
Airborne microorganisms and biological matter (bioaerosols) play a key role in global biogeochemical cycling, human and crop health trends, and climate patterns. Their presence in the
atmosphere is controlled by three main stages: emission, transport, and deposition. Aerial survival rates of bioaerosols are increased through adaptations such as ultra-violet radiation and desiccation resistance or association with particulate matter. Current research into modern concerns such as climate change, global gene transfer, and pathogenicity often neglects to consider atmospheric involvement. This comprehensive
review outlines the transpiring of bioaerosols across taxa in the
atmosphere, with significant focus on their interactions with environmental elements including abiotic factors (e.g., atmospheric composition, water cycle, and pollution) and events (e.g., dust storms, hurricanes, and wildfires). The aim of this
review is to increase understanding and shed light on needed research regarding the interplay between global atmospheric phenomena and the aeromicrobiome. The abundantly documented bacteria and fungi are discussed in context of their cycling and human health impacts. Gaps in knowledge regarding airborne viral community, the challenges and importance of studying their composition, concentrations and survival in the air are addressed, along with understudied plant pathogenic oomycetes, and archaea cycling. Key methodologies in sampling, collection, and processing are described to provide an up-to-date picture of ameliorations in the field. We propose optimization to microbiological methods, commonly used in soil and water analysis, that adjust them to the context of aerobiology, along with other directions towards novel and necessary advancements. This
review offers new perspectives into aeromicrobiology and calls for advancements in global-scale bioremediation, insights into ecology, climate change impacts, and pathogenicity transmittance.