沿海富营养化是世界性的重大问题,也影响了波罗的海及其沿海水域。对沿海富营养化的有效管理对策需要对陆地相互作用的沿海压力有很好的了解,公海,和大气,以及相关的沿海生态系统影响。在这项研究中,我们调查了波罗的海沿海富营养化的研究到目前为止如何处理这些相互作用,以及仍然存在哪些关键研究空白。我们通过范围审查来做到这一点,确定了832篇科学论文,重点是波罗的海沿海富营养化。这些都是根据研究重点分类的,方法,并考虑沿海系统组成部分和陆地-海岸-海洋相互作用。沿海组成部分类别包括沿海功能(还包括社会经济驱动力方面),自然(或由自然过程或系统介导)或直接人为的压力,和管理层的回应。分类结果表明,与表征沿海富营养化本身(20%)相比,更多的研究关注沿海富营养化压力(52%)或影响(39%)。此外,很少有研究一起调查压力和影响,这表明反馈的研究不足。关于方法,更多的研究侧重于数据收集(62%),而不是链接和合成方法(44%;例如,建模),很少有研究使用遥感(6%)或参与式(3%)方法。提到了与陆地和公海的沿海联系,但很少进行调查。在沿海功能中,考虑生态方面的研究占主导地位,但是研究人类方面和沿海过滤功能的研究要少得多。在沿海压力中,考虑到营养负荷的研究占主导地位,但是很少有研究调查这些负荷的来源,特别是长期的遗留资源和可能的解决方案,以他们的缓解。总的来说,很少有研究调查协同作用,各种解决方案的权衡和激励措施,以解决跨规模的多解决方案管理。
Coastal eutrophication is a major issue worldwide, also affecting the Baltic Sea and its coastal waters. Effective management responses to coastal eutrophication require good understanding of the interacting coastal pressures from land, the open sea, and the
atmosphere, and associated coastal ecosystem impacts. In this study, we investigate how research on Baltic coastal eutrophication has handled these interactions so far and what key research gaps still remain. We do this through a scoping review, identifying 832 scientific papers with a focus on Baltic coastal eutrophication. These are categorized in terms of study focus, methods, and consideration of coastal system components and land-coast-sea interactions. The coastal component categories include coastal functions (including also socio-economic driver aspects), pressures that are natural (or mediated by a natural process or system) or directly anthropogenic, and management responses. The classification results show that considerably more studies focus on coastal eutrophication pressures (52%) or impacts (39%) than on characterizing the coastal eutrophication itself (20%). Moreover, few studies investigate pressures and impacts together, indicating that feedbacks are understudied. Regarding methods, more studies focus on data collection (62%) than on linking and synthetic methods (44%; e.g., modelling), and very few studies use remote sensing (6%) or participatory (3%) methods. Coastal links with land and open sea are mentioned but much less investigated. Among the coastal functions, studies considering ecological aspects are dominant, but much fewer studies investigate human aspects and the coastal filter function. Among the coastal pressures, studies considering nutrient loads are dominant, but much fewer studies investigate the sources of these loads, especially long-lived legacy sources and possible solutions for their mitigation. Overall, few studies investigate synergies, trade-offs and incentives for various solutions to address cross-scale multi-solution management.