Abstract：
Plutonium, as well as fission products such as 137Cs, had been released into the earth environment in 1945 after the first atmospheric nuclear explosion of plutonium bomb in the desert of New Mexico (USA, July 16) and later over Nagasaki (August 9), followed then by many other explosions. Thus, plutonium cycling in the atmosphere and ocean has become a major public concern as a result of the radiological and chemical toxicity of plutonium. However, plutonium isotopes and 137Cs are important transient tracers of biogeochemical and physical processes in the environment, respectively. In this review, we show that both physical and chemical approaches are needed to comprehensively understand the behaviors of plutonium in the atmosphere and ocean. In the atmosphere, plutonium and 137Cs attach with aerosols; thus, plutonium moves according to physical and chemical processes in connection with aerosols; however, since plutonium is a chemically reactive element, its behavior in an aqueous environment is more complicated, because biogeochemical regulatory factors, in addition to geophysical regulatory factors, must be considered. Meanwhile, 137Cs is chemically inert in aqueous environments. Therefore, the biogeochemical characteristics of plutonium can be elucidated through a comparison with those of 137Cs, which show conservative properties and moves according to physical processes. Finally, we suggest that monitoring of both plutonium and 137Cs can help elucidate geophysical and biogeochemical changes from climate changes.
摘要：
钚,以及137Cs等裂变产物，1945年，在新墨西哥州沙漠中p炸弹的第一次大气核爆炸后被释放到地球环境中（美国，7月16日）和后来的长崎（8月9日），随后发生了许多其他爆炸。因此，由于钚的放射性和化学毒性，钚在大气和海洋中的循环已成为公众关注的主要问题。然而,钚同位素和137Cs是环境中生物地球化学和物理过程的重要瞬时示踪剂，分别。在这次审查中,我们表明，需要物理和化学方法来全面了解大气和海洋中钚的行为。在大气中,钚和137Cs附着在气溶胶上；因此，钚根据与气溶胶相关的物理和化学过程移动；然而，因为钚是一种化学反应元素，它在水性环境中的行为更加复杂，因为生物地球化学调节因素，除了地球物理调控因素,必须考虑。同时,137Cs在水性环境中是化学惰性的。因此,钚的生物地球化学特征可以通过与137Cs的生物地球化学特征进行比较来阐明，它们显示出保守的特性，并根据物理过程移动。最后,我们建议对钚和137Cs进行监测可以帮助阐明气候变化引起的地球物理和生物地球化学变化。
