目的:本文通过对以前的研究进行广泛的回顾并确定未来的研究可能性,介绍了过去疟疾调查的现状。
方法:考虑了以前使用宏观和生物分子方法检测人体骨骼材料中疟疾的所有研究。
方法:对学者使用的途径和方法以及他们获得的结果进行了评估,并讨论了局限性。
结果:疟疾和多孔病变之间存在联系,在疟疾流行地区患病率明显更高,然而,它们不是疟疾的病原体或特异性。可以使用生物分子技术来识别疟疾,然而,迄今为止,还没有完全令人满意的方法能够始终如一地诊断该疾病。
结论:使用宏观和生物分子技术,可以在过去的人群中调查疟疾,并研究该疾病的影响。然而,这不是一个简单的过程,需要使用多条证据才能获得最佳结果。
结论:关于在过去人群中可以和不可以识别疟疾的方法的广泛讨论,以及对新方法的建议,为未来对这种衰弱的研究提供了垫脚石,全球疾病。
结论:疟疾是一种难以进行考古研究的疾病,成功的鉴定取决于许多内在和外在因素。
UNASSIGNED:对多孔病变的更多大规模空间分析以及针对不同组织或分子进行生物分子鉴定可能会提高对疟疾的考古认识。
OBJECTIVE: This paper presents the current state of the art in the investigation of past malaria by providing an extensive
review of previous studies and identifying research possibilities for the future.
METHODS: All previous research on the detection of malaria in human skeletal material using macroscopic and biomolecular approaches is considered.
METHODS: The approaches and methods used by scholars and the results they obtained are evaluated and the limitations discussed.
RESULTS: There is a link between malaria and porous lesions with significantly higher prevalence in malaria-endemic areas, however, they are not pathognomonic or specific for malaria. Malaria can be identified using biomolecular techniques, yet, to date there is no completely satisfactory method that is able to consistently diagnose the disease.
CONCLUSIONS: Using macroscopic and biomolecular techniques, malaria can be investigated in past populations and the impact of the disease studied. Yet, this is not a straightforward process and the use of multiple lines of evidence is necessary to obtain the best results.
CONCLUSIONS: The extensive discussion on ways malaria can and cannot be identified in past populations and the suggestions for new approaches provide a steppingstone for future research into this debilitating, global disease.
CONCLUSIONS: Malaria is a difficult disease to study archaeologically and successful identification depends on many intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
UNASSIGNED: More large-scale spatial analyses of porous lesions as well as targeting different tissues or molecules for biomolecular identification may improve the archaeological understanding of malaria.