Abstract：
Parasites have affected and coevolved with humans and animals throughout history. Evidence of ancient parasitic infections, particularly, reside in archeological remains originating from different sources dating to various periods of times. The study of ancient parasites preserved in archaeological remains is known as paleoparasitology, and it initially intended to interpret migration, evolution, and dispersion patterns of ancient parasites, along with their hosts. Recently, paleoparasitology has been used to better understand dietary habits and lifestyles of ancient human societies. Paleoparasitology is increasingly being recognized as an interdisciplinary field within paleopathology that integrates areas such as palynology, archaeobotany, and zooarchaeology. Paleoparasitology also incorporates techniques such as microscopy, immunoassays, PCR, targeted sequencing, and more recently, high-throughput sequencing or shotgun metagenomics to understand ancient parasitic infections and thus interpret migration and evolution patterns, as well as dietary habits and lifestyles. The present review covers the original theories developed in the field of paleoparasitology, as well as the biology of some parasites identified in pre-Columbian cultures. Conclusions, as well as assumptions made during the discovery of the parasites in ancient samples, and how their identification may aid in better understanding part of human history, ancient diet, and lifestyles are discussed.
摘要：
在整个历史中，寄生虫都影响着人类和动物并与之共同进化。古代寄生虫感染的证据,特别是,居住在考古遗骸从不同的来源约会到不同时期。对考古遗迹中保存的古代寄生虫的研究被称为古寄生虫学，它最初打算解释迁移，进化,和古代寄生虫的扩散模式，和他们的主人一起。最近,古寄生虫学已被用来更好地了解古代人类社会的饮食习惯和生活方式。古病理学越来越被认为是古病理学中的一个跨学科领域，它整合了孢粉学等领域，古植物学，和动物考古学。古寄生虫学还结合了显微镜等技术，免疫测定，PCR,靶向测序,最近，高通量测序或鸟枪宏基因组学，以了解古代寄生虫感染，从而解释迁移和进化模式，以及饮食习惯和生活方式。本综述涵盖了在古寄生虫学领域发展起来的原始理论，以及在前哥伦布文化中发现的一些寄生虫的生物学。Conclusions,以及在古代样本中发现寄生虫期间所做的假设，以及他们的身份如何有助于更好地理解人类历史的一部分，古老的饮食，并讨论了生活方式。
