获得过敏反应的分子罪魁祸首可以利用分子过敏原学作为一种新的精准医学方法-一种建立在跨学科基础上的方法,基本的,和临床知识。分子变态反应学依赖于使用变应原分子作为诊断和治疗变态反应患者的体外工具。它补充了基于皮肤和体外过敏原提取物测试的常规方法。分子变态反应学的主要应用包括通过区分真正的致敏和变应原交叉反应性,准确鉴定有问题的变应原。潜在严重程度评估,患者量身定制的适当过敏原免疫疗法的选择,并预测其预期疗效和安全性。过敏原交叉反应性,定义为相同特异性的抗体或T细胞识别2种或更多种过敏原分子,经常干扰过敏原提取物测试。在机械层面,过敏原交叉反应性取决于过敏原,宿主的免疫反应,以及他们互动的背景。过敏原分子和家族的多样性增加了进一步的困难。在免疫学水平上了解过敏原交叉反应性并将其转化为用于治疗过敏患者的日常工具,由于越来越多的特征性过敏原分子而变得更加复杂。缺乏专用资源,以及对个性化的需求,以患者为中心的方法。相反,知识共享为改善临床使用铺平了道路,创新的诊断工具,和进一步的跨学科研究。这里,我们旨在对过敏原交叉反应性进行全面且无偏见的最新系统综述.为了优化学习,我们加强了基本的审查,翻译,和临床定义,临床小插曲,以及在线过敏原数据库的概述。
Access to the molecular culprits of allergic reactions allows for the leveraging of molecular allergology as a new precision medicine approach-one built on interdisciplinary, basic, and clinical knowledge. Molecular allergology relies on the use of allergen molecules as in vitro tools for the diagnosis and management of allergic patients. It complements the conventional approach based on skin and in vitro allergen extract testing. Major applications of molecular allergology comprise accurate identification of the offending allergen thanks to discrimination between genuine sensitization and allergen cross-reactivity, evaluation of potential severity, patient-tailored choice of the adequate allergen immunotherapy, and prediction of its expected efficacy and safety.
Allergen cross-reactivity, defined as the recognition of 2 or more
allergen molecules by antibodies or T cells of the same specificity, frequently interferes with allergen extract testing. At the mechanistic level,
allergen cross-reactivity depends on the
allergen, the host\'s immune response, and the context of their interaction. The multiplicity of allergen molecules and families adds further difficulty. Understanding allergen cross-reactivity at the immunologic level and translating it into a daily tool for the management of allergic patients is further complicated by the ever-increasing number of characterized allergenic molecules, the lack of dedicated resources, and the need for a personalized, patient-centered approach. Conversely, knowledge sharing paves the way for improved clinical use, innovative diagnostic tools, and further interdisciplinary research. Here, we aimed to provide a comprehensive and unbiased state-of-the art systematic
review on
allergen cross-reactivity. To optimize learning, we enhanced the
review with basic, translational, and clinical definitions, clinical vignettes, and an overview of online
allergen databases.