Abstract：
Hemocyanin, an oxygen-transport protein, is widely distributed in the hemolymph of marine arthropods and mollusks, playing an important role in their physiological processes. Recently, hemocyanin has been recognized as a multifunctional glycoprotein involved in the immunological responses of aquatic invertebrates. Consequently, the link between hemocyanin functions and their potential applications has garnered increased attention. This review offers an integrated overview of hemocyanin\'s structure, physicochemical characteristics, and bioactivities to further promote the utilization of hemocyanin derived from marine products. Specifically, we review its implication in two aspects of food and aquaculture industries: quality and health. Hemocyanin\'s inducible phenoloxidase activity is thought to be an inducer of melanosis in crustaceans. New anti-melanosis agents targeted to hemocyanin need to be explored. The red-color change observed in shrimp shells is related to hemocyanin, affecting consumer preferences. Hemocyanin\'s adaptive modification in response to the aquatic environment is available as a biomarker. Additionally, hemocyanin is endowed with bioactivities encompassing anti-microbial, antiviral, and therapeutic activities. Hemocyanin is also a novel allergen and its allergenic features remain incompletely characterized.
摘要：
血蓝蛋白,一种氧转运蛋白，广泛分布在海洋节肢动物和软体动物的血淋巴中，在他们的生理过程中起着重要的作用。最近,血蓝蛋白已被认为是参与水生无脊椎动物免疫反应的多功能糖蛋白。因此,血蓝蛋白功能及其潜在应用之间的联系引起了越来越多的关注。这篇综述提供了血蓝蛋白结构的综合概述，物理化学特性，和生物活性，进一步促进海产品中血蓝蛋白的利用。具体来说,我们回顾了它在食品和水产养殖业两个方面的含义：质量和健康。血蓝蛋白的诱导型酚氧化酶活性被认为是甲壳类动物黑变病的诱导剂。需要探索新的靶向血蓝蛋白的抗黑变病药物。在虾壳中观察到的红色变化与血蓝蛋白有关，影响消费者偏好。血蓝蛋白响应于水生环境的适应性修饰可作为生物标志物。此外,血蓝蛋白具有抗微生物的生物活性，抗病毒，和治疗活动。血蓝蛋白也是一种新型变应原,其变应原特征仍未完全表征。
