咖啡因和嘌呤衍生物代表有趣的化学部分,表现出各种生物活性。咖啡因是一种生物碱,属于甲基黄嘌呤生物碱家族,存在于食物中,饮料,和毒品。咖啡,茶,而其他一些饮料是人类饮食中咖啡因的主要来源。咖啡因可以用二氯甲烷或氯仿用热水从茶或咖啡中提取,剩下的被称为脱咖啡因咖啡或茶。咖啡因及其衍生物是通过不同的程序在小规模和大规模上合成的。它竞争性地拮抗腺苷受体(ARs),G蛋白偶联受体主要分布在人体内,包括心脏,船只,大脑,还有肾脏.最近,许多报道显示咖啡因衍生物在治疗许多疾病如阿尔茨海默病,哮喘,帕金森病,和癌症。此外,它被用作抗氧化剂,抗炎,镇痛药,和低胆固醇血症药。本综述文章讨论了综合,反应性,咖啡因及其衍生物的生物学和药理学性质。综述了咖啡因在咖啡、茶叶和人体中的生物合成和生物转化。
Caffeine and purine derivatives represent interesting chemical moieties, which show various biological activities. Caffeine is an alkaloid that belongs to the family of methylxanthine alkaloids and it is present in food, beverages, and drugs. Coffee, tea, and some other beverages are a major source of caffeine in the human diet. Caffeine can be extracted from tea or coffee using hot water with dichloromethane or chloroform and the leftover is known as decaffeinated coffee or tea. Caffeine and its derivatives were synthesized via different procedures on small and large scales. It competitively antagonizes the adenosine receptors (ARs), which are G protein-coupled receptors largely distributed in the human body, including the heart, vessels, brain, and kidneys. Recently, many reports showed the effect of caffeine derivatives in the treatment of many diseases such as Alzheimer\'s, asthma, parkinsonism, and cancer. Also, it is used as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and hypocholesterolemic agent. The present
review article discusses the synthesis, reactivity, and biological and pharmacological properties of caffeine and its derivatives. The biosynthesis and biotransformation of caffeine in coffee and tea leaves and the human body were summarized in the
review.