牦牛乳的利用还处于初级阶段,牦牛初乳的营养成分目前还没有系统的表征。在这项研究中,脂质,脂肪酸,氨基酸及其衍生物,牦牛初乳中的代谢物,采用基于超高效液相色谱串联四极杆质谱仪(UHPLC-MS)的非靶向脂质组学,基于气相色谱-质谱仪(GC-MS)的靶向代谢组,基于UHPLC-MS的靶向代谢组分析,基于超高效液相色谱串联四极杆飞行时间质谱仪(UHPLC-TOF-MS)的非靶向代谢组,分别。同时,将牦牛初乳的营养成分与奶牛成熟乳进行比较。结果表明,从脂肪酸组成和Σ多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)含量的角度来看,牦牛初乳的营养价值高于牦牛和牛成熟乳。Σn-3PUFAs;牦牛初乳中必需氨基酸(EAA)的含量和EAA/总氨基酸(TAA)的比值高于牦牛成熟乳中的值;功能性活性脂质包括磷脂酰胆碱(PC)的含量,磷脂酰甘油(PG),磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS),溶血磷脂酰胆碱(LPC),溶血磷脂酰甘油(LPG),溶血磷脂酰肌醇(LPI),鞘磷脂(SM),神经节苷脂M3(GM3),神经节苷脂T3(GT3),牦牛初乳中六糖神经酰胺(Hex1Cer),高于牦牛成熟乳的价值。此外,牦牛初乳和成熟乳的营养价值差异是由脂肪产生的,受牦牛卵巢激素和参考肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统调节的氨基酸和碳水化合物代谢。研究结果可为牦牛初乳的商品化产品开发提供理论依据。
The utilization of
yak milk is still in a primary stage, and the nutrition composition of
yak colostrum is not systematically characterized at present. In this
study, the lipids, fatty acids, amino acids and their derivatives, metabolites in
yak colostrum, and mature milk were detected by the non-targeted lipidomics based on (ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer) UHPLC-MS, the targeted metabolome based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), the targeted metabolome analysis based on UHPLC-MS, and the non-targeted metabolome based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC-TOF-MS), respectively. Meanwhile, the nutrition composition of
yak colostrum was compared with the data of cow mature milk in the literatures. The results showed that the nutritive value of
yak colostrum was higher by contrast with
yak and cow mature milk from the perspective of the fatty acid composition and the content of Σpolyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), Σn-3PUFAs; the content of essential amino acid (EAA) and the ratio of EAA/total amino acid (TAA) in yak colostrum were higher than the value in yak mature milk; and the content of functional active lipids including phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylserine (PS), lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC), lyso-phosphatidylglycerol (LPG), lyso-phosphatidylinositol (LPI), sphingomyelin (SM), ganglioside M3 (GM3), ganglioside T3 (GT3), and hexaglycosylceramide (Hex1Cer) in yak colostrum, was higher than the value of
yak mature milk. Moreover, the differences of nutritive value between yak colostrum and mature milk were generated by the fat, amino acids and carbohydrate metabolism that were regulated by the ovarian hormone and referencesrenin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in yaks. These research results can provide a theoretical basis for the commercial product development of yak colostrum.