全球范围内,溺水是可预防的死亡率和发病率的重要原因。东地中海地区(EMR)由22个收入悬殊的国家组成,是一个受冲突和移民影响的地区。我们系统地回顾了有关EMR溺水的文献。
使用Embase鉴定了同行评审的文献(仅限于原始研究),PubMed,Scopus,SportsDiscus,和WebofScience数据库。文献在标题/摘要和全文阶段进行了双重筛选,并进行了双重数据提取(占纳入研究的20%)。如果他们报告了流行病学,居民溺水(无意和故意;致命和非致命)的风险/保护因素和/或预防策略,EMR中的游客或移民。文献是根据[澳大利亚]国家健康和医学研究委员会的证据水平进行评估的。
本综述包括72项研究(流行病学研究68项;风险/保护因素研究13项;预防策略研究19项)。伊朗(n=27),沙特阿拉伯(n=11)和巴基斯坦(n=10)记录了最多的专门研究。研究主要集中在无意溺水。92%的纳入研究(n=66)被列为低证据(IV级)。大多数研究探讨了儿童和青少年(0-19岁)的溺水情况。所有年龄的致命溺水率从低0.48/100,000(阿拉伯联合酋长国;2002年;卫生部死亡登记数据)到高18.5/100,000(埃及;2014-15年;世卫组织死亡率数据库)不等。常见的危险因素包括男性,年轻的年龄,淹没时间和居民身份。公共教育共同预防战略,救生员监督,心肺复苏术.
该地区一些国家在理解溺水负担方面存在差距,以及成人溺水的全区域危险因素识别,故意和与移民有关的溺水,削弱了各国推进预防溺水的能力。需要对EMR中预防溺水干预措施的实施和评估进行投资。
溺水是EMR中死亡和发病的重要原因。最近联合国关于全球预防溺水的宣言可能为投资溺水研究提供动力,政策,以及旨在减少EMR中与溺水有关的危害的宣传。
注册号:#CRD42021271215。
Globally, drowning is a significant cause of preventable mortality and morbidity. The Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR) comprises 22 countries of extreme disparity in income and is a region impacted by conflict and migration. We systematically
review literature published on drowning in the EMR.
Peer-reviewed literature (limited to original research) was identified using Embase, PubMed, Scopus, SportsDiscus, and Web of Science databases. Literature was independently dual screened at title/abstract and full text stages with dual data extraction (20% of included studies). Studies were included if they reported epidemiology, risk/protective factors and/or prevention strategies for drowning (unintentional and intentional; fatal and non-fatal) of residents, tourists or migrants in the EMR. Literature was assessed against the [Australian] National Health and Medical Research Council\'s Levels of Evidence.
Seventy-two studies were included in this
review (epidemiology 68 studies; risk/protective factor 13 studies; prevention strategies 19 studies). Iran (n = 27), Saudia Arabia (n = 11) and Pakistan (n = 10) recorded the largest number of dedicated studies. Studies predominately focused on unintentional drowning. Ninety-two percent of included studies (n = 66) were ranked as being low evidence (level IV). The majority of studies explored drowning among children and adolescents (0-19 years). All-age fatal drowning rates varied from a low of 0.48 per 100,000 (United Arab Emirates; 2002; Ministry of Health death registry data) to a high of 18.5 per 100,000 (Egypt; 2014-15; WHO mortality database). Commonly identified risk factors included being male, young age, submersion time and resident status. Common prevention strategies public education, lifeguard supervision, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Gaps in understanding of drowning burden in some countries within the region, as well as region-wide risk factor identification for adult drowning, intentional and migration-related drowning, impair the ability of nations to advance drowning prevention. There is a need for investment in implementation and evaluation of drowning prevention interventions in the EMR.
Drowning is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in the EMR. The recent UN declaration on global drowning prevention may provide the impetus to invest in drowning prevention research, policy, and advocacy with the aim of reducing drowning-related harms in the EMR.
Registration number: # CRD42021271215 .