UNASSIGNED: Stickler syndrome (STL) is a collagenopathy caused by pathogenic variants in collagen-coding genes, mainly COL2A1 or COL11A1 associated with Stickler syndrome type 1 (STL1) or type 2 (STL2), respectively. Affected individuals manifest ocular, auditory, articular, and craniofacial findings in varying degrees. Previous literature and case reports describe high variability in clinical findings for patients with STL. With this case report, we broaden the clinical spectrum of the phenotype.
UNASSIGNED: Case report on two members of a family (mother and son) including clinical examination and genetic testing using targeted trio whole exome sequencing (trio-WES).
UNASSIGNED: A boy and his mother presented with microphthalmia, congenital cataract, ptosis, and moderate-to-severe sensorineural hearing loss. Trio-WES found a novel heterozygote missense variant, c.4526A>G; p(Gln1509Arg) in COL11A1 in both affected individuals.
UNASSIGNED: We report a previously undescribed phenotype associated with a COL11A1-variant in a mother and son, expanding the spectrum for phenotype-genotype correlation in STL2, presenting with microphthalmia, congenital cataract, and ptosis not normally associated with Stickler syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the characteristics of vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) in B-scan ultrasonography.
METHODS: Single-center case-control study.
METHODS: A total of 106 eyes of 56 patients with biopsy-proven VRL and 86 eyes of 59 patients with uveitis were included.
METHODS: B-scan ultrasonography of the included eyes was performed. Evaluated were the ultrasonographic signs as well as a special pattern termed centrifugal condensation, which refers to the peripherally hyperreflective appearance of the vitreous haze in ultrasonography.
METHODS: Posterior vitreous detachment, vitreoretinal adhesion, location of vitreous haze, thickening or occupying lesions of the retina, retinal detachment, and centrifugal condensation pattern of vitreous haze were evaluated through B-scan ultrasonography. The incidences of these signs were compared between the 2 groups; odds ratios (ORs) were calculated.
RESULTS: The incidence of vitreoretinal adhesion in patients with VRL (6/106) was lower than in patients with uveitis (20/86; P = 0.001; OR: 0.195; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.073-0.522). The incidence of retinal thickening or occupying lesions in patients with VRL (21/106) was higher than that in patients with uveitis (1/86; P = 0.005; OR: 19.068; 95% CI: 2.455-148.265). The incidences of posterior vitreous detachment and retinal detachment were not significantly different between the 2 groups (P = 0.453 and P = 0.310, respectively). The centrifugal condensation pattern was more likely to be observed in patients with VRL (49/106) than in patients with uveitis (13/86; P < 0.001; OR: 4.831; 95% CI: 2.416-9.660).
CONCLUSIONS: B-scan ultrasonography might help to provide clues for the suspicion of VRL. Thickening or occupying lesions of the retina and centrifugal condensation pattern of vitreous haze might be suggestive of VRL.
BACKGROUND: Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to describe a successful closure of macular hole without release of vitreomacular traction after intravitreal perfluoropropane (C3F8) gas injection.
METHODS: A 54-year-old woman was referred to our clinic with the history of declined vision after a period of distorted vision in her right eye. After dilated fundus examination and performing optical coherence tomography, a V-shaped vitreomacular traction complicated by full-thickness macular hole was diagnosed and she underwent pneumatic vitreolysis using intravitreal C3F8 gas injection. After 12 weeks, her visual acuity was significantly improved and fundus examination and optical coherence tomography revealed that the macular hole was completely resolved despite persisted vitreomacular traction.
CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal gas injection would be a promising option to manage idiopathic macular holes not only by releasing the vitreous traction on the macula but also through some not proven or even unknown mechanisms.

BACKGROUND: Coats disease is a retinal vascular disorder characterized by aneurysms and telangiectasias. Macular fibrosis is a complication of Coats disease that results in vision loss. Macular fibrosis rarely develops in the natural course and often occurs after treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab, photocoagulation, or cryotherapy. Here, we have described an unusual case of spontaneous peeling of preretinal macular fibrosis in a patient with untreated Coats disease.
METHODS: A 10-year-old Japanese boy presented with vision loss in his left eye. The patient\'s left visual acuity was 20/28. Fundus examination of his left eye revealed thick preretinal macular fibrosis around the optic disc and macula. In addition, retinal telangiectasis, microaneurysms, hard exudates, and retinal hemorrhages were observed in the left peripheral temporal retina. We diagnosed his condition as Coats disease with preretinal macular fibrosis. Two months later, optical coherence tomography revealed preretinal macular fibrosis detachment at the foveal lesion without any treatment. During follow-up, preretinal macular fibrosis at the macular lesion was completely detached. Further, posterior vitreous detachment was observed and the shape of the macula and the patient\'s left visual acuity had improved.
CONCLUSIONS: In our case, both formation and spontaneous peeling of preretinal macular fibrosis occurred without any treatment for Coats disease, which is an unusual finding. Vitreous changes might have occurred during the natural clinical course, causing subsequent posterior vitreous detachment and resulting in spontaneous peeling of fibrosis.

In the presence of a symptomatic epiretinal gliosis, pars plana vitrectomy with membrane peeling to remove the membrane is usually indicated in clinical practice. According to common clinical experience, almost no independent regression of such an epiretinal membrane and thus healing of the pathology alone exists. Therefore, the unusual case of bilateral independent regression of idiopathic epiretinal gliosis and formation of a lamellar macular hole in a 73-year-old male patient is described. Considerations of the possible mechanism are presented based on the existing literature. These include separation of inflammatory versus noninflammatory membranes, possible separation of individual layers depending on the status of the posterior vitreous limiting membrane and also the possible action of proteolytic systems in the posterior vitreous region. Finally, the question arises, whether patients have to be informed about this fact before possible surgery.
UNASSIGNED: Bei Vorliegen einer symptomatischen epiretinalen Gliose wird im klinischen Alltag in der Regel eine Pars-plana-Vitrektomie mit Membranpeeling zur Entfernung der Membran indiziert. Nach gängiger klinischer Erfahrung existiert nahezu keine selbstständige Regression einer solchen epiretinalen Membran und somit einer alleinigen Abheilung der Pathologie. Beschrieben wird daher der ungewöhnliche Fall einer beidseitigen selbstständigen Regression einer idiopathischen epiretinalen Gliose mit Makulaschichtforamen bei einem 73-jährigen Patienten. Überlegungen zum möglichen Mechanismus werden auf Basis der vorhandenen Literatur vorgestellt. Diese beinhalten die Trennung entzündlicher vs. nichtentzündlicher Membranen, mögliche Separation einzelner Schichten in Abhängigkeit vom Status der hinteren Glaskörpergrenzmembran, aber auch das mögliche Wirken proteolytischer Systeme im Bereich des hinteren Glaskörpers. Es stellt sich schließlich die Frage, ob Patienten vor möglicher Operation über diesen Umstand mit aufgeklärt werden müssen.

Epiretinal membrane (ERM) represents a common complication of uveitis that may contribute independently to vision loss in patients with uveitis. Although spontaneous idiopathic ERM separation has been previously reported, to the best of our knowledge there are only two case reports in the scientific literature that depicts spontaneous regression of an inflammation-associated ERM. Spontaneous ERM separation is a rare but possible event, which occurs most often subsequent to posterior vitreous detachment. We present a case series of three patients with uveitis that exhibit the formation and subsequent spontaneous resolution of an inflammatory ERM.

BACKGROUND: Here we report a case of traction retinal detachment (TRD) associated with congenital retinal vascular hypoplasia localized in the superotemporal quadrant that was treated with vitrectomy.
METHODS: A 58 year-old female presented with a gradual decrease of visual acuity (VA) and distorted vision in her left eye. She had a past history of amblyopia in her left eye from early childhood, and a previous examination performed at a nearby hospital revealed that the corrected visual acuity (VA) in that eye was 0.15. Upon initial examination, no abnormal findings were observed in her right eye, yet optic-disc traction and macular rotation with a folded TRD extending superotemporally from the macular region was observed in her left eye. Fluorescein fundus angiography showed a retinal nonperfused area localized in the superotemporal quadrant surrounded by a retinal avascular area. The optic disc in her left eye was smaller than that in her right eye. Vitrectomy was performed to remove the proliferative membrane and created an artificial posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Following surgery, the patient\'s corrected VA improved from 0.04 to 0.1.
CONCLUSIONS: The present case was likely to be TRD caused by PVD in the presence of localized congenital retinal vascular hypoplasia secondary to optic-disc hypoplasia.

To report our findings in a case with bilateral horseshoe-shaped macular tears. Both eyes of a 68-year-old woman developed horseshoe-shaped macular tears in the absence of vitreous traction due to prior vitrectomy in one eye and a posterior vitreous detachment in the other eye. Vitrectomy with the inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique led to a successful closure of the macular tear bilaterally, and an improvement of her visual acuity in both eyes. The cause of horseshoe-shaped macular tear was most likely due to a retinal rupture from a blunt trauma.

BACKGROUND: There have been several reports of spontaneous closure and reopening of a macular hole, however, in most of those cases, it was observed in eyes post vitrectomy. Here, we report a case of multiple episodes of spontaneous disappearance and recurrence of impending macular hole (stage 1B macular hole) with no history of previous surgery.
METHODS: A 76-year-old Japanese man presented with a primary complaint of reduced visual acuity in his right eye. On initial examination, the visual acuity in his right and left eye was 0.4 and 0.01, respectively. He had previously been diagnosed as having macular degeneration of unknown origin in his left eye. Optical coherence tomography imaging confirmed vitreomacular traction and impending macular hole in his right eye. After a 1-week follow-up period, posterior vitreous detachment was detected, and the impending macular hole appeared to be resolved. Two months later, the impending macular hole had completely disappeared and his visual acuity had improved to 0.9. Six months later, he again noticed decreased vision in his right eye. An examination revealed that his visual acuity had dropped to 0.4, and there was a recurrence of impending macular hole. An optical coherence tomography examination showed no definitive findings of vitreous traction, and, 1 month later, spontaneous disappearance was observed again and his visual acuity improved to 0.7.
CONCLUSIONS: In this case, both the initial onset and the recurrence involved impending macular hole, however, the optical coherence tomography findings differed at each examination. These findings suggest that some causes other than vitreous traction were responsible for both the spontaneous disappearance and recurrence of the impending macular hole in this present case.

BACKGROUND: We experienced 2 cases of retinal detachment (RD) with giant tears located in the intermediate periphery of the fundus. In this case report, we investigated the clinical characteristics in these 2 cases.
METHODS: Case 1 involved a 63-year-old male, who became aware of metamorphopsia and decreased visual acuity (VA) in his left eye. Upon examination, he was diagnosed with a giant tear at the margin of the intermediate peripheral lattice degeneration. Case 2 involved a 54-year-old male, who became aware of decreased VA in his right eye. Upon examination, he was diagnosed with vitreous hemorrhage and a giant tear located in the upper intermediate periphery. In these 2 cases, there was no obvious previous or familial history.
METHODS: In both cases, reattachment was achieved by performing vitrectomies.
RESULTS: These 2 cases were characterized by the refraction being close to emmetropia due to the flat corneal curvature, even though there was a long axial length and the eyeballs were spherically large. In both cases, the postoperative clinical course outcome was favorable and no complication occurred LESSONS:: Our findings indicate that intermediate peripheral giant tears may occur in spherically large eyeballs, and that vitreous surgery is effective in such cases. Since the risk of the onset of RD in the fellow eye is thought to be high, strict postoperative follow-up is necessary.