通过基因操作开发的转基因蚊子,为可持续和有效控制蚊媒疾病提供了一个有前途的战略。这种策略依赖于大量释放转基因蚊子到野外,它们的转基因有望在自然环境中持续存在,永久或暂时,在蚊子种群中。在这种情况下,转基因蚊子的适应度是决定它们在野外生存的重要因素。转基因表达的影响,插入诱变,与实验室适应有关的近亲繁殖抑郁症,与发展纯合蚊子系有关的搭便车效应都可以对转基因蚊子的适应性产生影响。因此,转基因相关的健身成本的实时估计是必要的建模和规划转基因蚊子释放计划。这可以通过直接比较转基因的纯合或半合子个体及其野生型对应物的适应性参数来实现。或通过笼式入侵实验来监测多代转基因等位基因的频率。最近的进步,如特定地点的集成系统和基因驱动,提供平台来解决转基因蚊子的健康问题。需要对转基因个体的适应性进行更多的研究,以开发具有低适应性成本的转基因蚊子。
Transgenic mosquitoes developed by genetic manipulation, offer a promising strategy for the sustainable and effective control of mosquito-borne diseases. This strategy relies on the mass release of transgenic mosquitoes into the wild, where their
transgene is expected to persist in the natural environment, either permanently or transiently, within the mosquito population. In such circumstances, the fitness of transgenic mosquitoes is an important factor in determining their survival in the wild. The impact of
transgene expression, insertional mutagenesis, inbreeding depression related to laboratory adaptation, and the hitchhiking effect involved in developing homozygous mosquito lines can all have an effect on the fitness of transgenic mosquitoes. Therefore, real-time estimation of
transgene-associated fitness cost is imperative for modeling and planning transgenic mosquito release programs. This can be achieved by directly comparing fitness parameters in individuals homozygous or hemizygous for the
transgene and their wild-type counterparts, or by cage invasion experiments to monitor the frequency of the transgenic allele over multiple generations. Recent advancements such as site-specific integration systems and gene drives, provide platforms to address fitness issues in transgenic mosquitoes. More research on the fitness of transgenic individuals is required to develop transgenic mosquitoes with a low fitness cost.