蜱传播影响人类和动物健康的多种病原体。在欧洲的温带和寒冷地区(西部,中央,东方,和北欧),最相关的人畜共患蜱传病原体是蜱传脑炎病毒(TBEV),疏螺旋体属。和吞噬细胞无性体。很少,立克次体属。,米库伦希特氏菌,和人畜共患巴贝虫属。被确定为人类疾病的原因。家畜也可能在临床上受到这些病原体的影响,and,此外,可以被视为在某个地区发生的哨兵宿主,甚至扮演蓄水池或放大宿主的角色。例如,病毒性反刍动物可通过生乳产品将TBEV传播给人类。这篇综述总结了家畜的作用,包括反刍动物,马,狗,和猫,在TBEV的生态学中,疏螺旋体属。,A.吞噬细胞,立克次体属。,N.mikurensis,和人畜共患的巴贝虫物种。它概述了欧洲温带/寒冷地区家畜中这些感染因子的(血清)患病率,基于148个个体患病率研究。无症状动物血清阳性率的Meta分析估计TBEV的总血清阳性率为2.7%,伯氏疏螺旋体12.9%(s.l.),吞噬体为16.2%,叉子为7.4%,具有高度的异质性。关于动物物种的亚组分析,诊断测试,地理区域和十年的抽样大多不重要,除了明显较低的B.burgdorferis.l.狗的血清价值比马和牛。需要进行更多的监测研究,采用高度敏感和具体的测试方法,包括迄今尚未调查的地区,以确定全球气候是否以及如何变化,土地利用,农业实践和人类行为会影响家畜中人畜共患蜱传病原体的频率。
Ticks transmit a variety of pathogens affecting both human and animal health. In temperate and cold regions of Europe (Western, Central, Eastern, and Northern Europe), the most relevant zoonotic tick-borne pathogens are tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Borrelia spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. More rarely, Rickettsia spp., Neoehrlichia mikurensis, and zoonotic Babesia spp. are identified as a cause of human disease. Domestic animals may also be clinically affected by these pathogens, and, furthermore, can be regarded as sentinel hosts for their occurrence in a certain area, or even play a role as reservoirs or amplifying hosts. For example, viraemic ruminants may transmit TBEV to humans via raw milk products. This
review summarizes the role of domestic animals, including ruminants, horses, dogs, and cats, in the ecology of TBEV, Borrelia spp., A. phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp., N. mikurensis, and zoonotic Babesia species. It gives an overview on the (sero-)prevalence of these infectious agents in domestic animals in temperate/cold regions of Europe, based on 148 individual prevalence studies. Meta-analyses of seroprevalence in asymptomatic animals estimated an overall seroprevalence of 2.7% for TBEV, 12.9% for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), 16.2% for A. phagocytophilum and 7.4% for Babesia divergens, with a high level of heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses with regard to animal species, diagnostic test, geographical region and decade of sampling were mostly non-significant, with the exception of significantly lower B. burgdorferi s.l. seroprevalences in dogs than in horses and cattle. More surveillance studies employing highly sensitive and specific test methods and including hitherto non-investigated regions are needed to determine if and how global changes in terms of climate, land use, agricultural practices and human behavior impact the frequency of zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in domestic animals.