暂无摘要。

Objective: This study aims to compare the antiviral treatment similarities and differences in the population covered by the 2024 version of the World Health Organization\'s (WHO) hepatitis B prevention and treatment guidelines and the current Chinese hepatitis B prevention and treatment guidelines, so as to explore their impact on the indications for antiviral therapy in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods: The information of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection who did not receive antiviral treatment was collected through the registration database of the China Clinical Research Platform for Hepatitis B Elimination. Descriptive statistics were conducted on the demographic, blood, biochemical, and virological levels of patients according to the treatment recommendations of the two versions of the guidelines. The Mann-Whitney U test and χ2 test were used to compare the differences and proportional distribution of the treatment populations covered by the two guidelines. The χ2 test was used to analyze the coverage rate of different antiviral treatment indications. Results: A total of 21,134 CHB patients without antiviral treatment were enrolled. 69.4% of patients met the 2024 versions of the WHO guidelines\' recommendations. 85.0% of patients met the current Chinese hepatitis B prevention and treatment guidelines. The WHO guidelines for antiviral therapy indications were met in younger patients with higher levels of ALT, AST, and APRI scores, as well as greater proportion of patients with higher viral loads (P<0.001). The WHO guidelines recommended a cut-off value of APRI>0.5, which raised the proportion of patients on antiviral therapy from 6.6% to 30.9%. 45.7% of patients met the antiviral indications for HBV DNA >2000 IU/ml with abnormal transaminase (ALT>30 U/L for males and ALT>19 U/L for females). The reduced APRI diagnostic cut-off value and ALT treatment threshold had further increased the treatment coverage rate by 91.6% in patients with chronic HBV infection in line with the 2024 versions of WHO guidelines. Conclusion: The reduction of the APRI diagnostic cut-off value and the ALT treatment threshold, based on the current hepatitis B guidelines of China, will further improve the treatment coverage of CHB patients.
目的： 比较世界卫生组织（WHO）2024年版乙型肝炎防治指南与中国现行乙型肝炎防治指南的抗病毒治疗覆盖人群的异同，探讨其对中国慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者抗病毒治疗适应证的影响。 方法： 通过中国消除乙型肝炎临床研究平台注册登记数据库，收集未接受抗病毒治疗的慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染患者信息，根据两版指南推荐治疗建议，对患者人口学、血液、生物化学、病毒学水平进行描述性统计，利用Mann-Whitney U检验和χ(2)检验比较两部指南所覆盖治疗人群的差异及其分布比例，并通过χ(2)检验分析不同抗病毒治疗指征的覆盖率。 结果： 共纳入21 134例未经抗病毒治疗的CHB患者，69.4%的患者符合2024年版WHO指南推荐，85.0%的患者符合现有中国乙型肝炎防治指南。符合WHO指南抗病毒治疗指征患者年龄更小，丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、AST和血小板比值(APRI)评分水平、高病毒载量患者比例更高（P < 0.001）。WHO指南推荐APRI > 0.5这一界值将抗病毒治疗从6.6%提高至30.9%；其中45.7%患者符合HBV DNA > 2 000 IU/ml伴转氨酶异常（男性ALT > 30 U/L及女性ALT > 19 U/L）这一抗病毒治疗指征。依据2024年版WHO指南意见，通过下调APRI诊断界值、下调ALT治疗阈值将进一步提高慢性HBV感染患者治疗覆盖率至91.6%。 结论： 基于我国现有乙型肝炎指南，通过降低APRI诊断界值和ALT治疗阈值将进一步提高CHB患者治疗覆盖率。.

The Chinese Society of Hepatology of the Chinese Medical Association invited relevant experts to revise and update the Guideline of Prevention and Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2018Version) and renamed it as (Version 2024) Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction-associated (non-alcoholic) Fatty Liver Disease. Herein, the guiding recommendations on clinical issues such as screening and monitoring, diagnosis and evaluation, treatment and follow-up of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease are put forward.
中华医学会肝病学分会组织相关专家对《非酒精性脂肪性肝病防治指南（2018更新版）》进行了修订，更名为《代谢相关（非酒精性）脂肪性肝病防治指南（2024年版）》，对代谢相关脂肪性肝病的筛查和监测、诊断和评估、治疗和随访等临床问题提出了指导性建议。.

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an important stage between the normal cognitive decline of aging and dementia. The aim of this study was to compare and harmonize the recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of MCI based on current clinical practice guidelines. Methods: We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, and Chinese Biological Medicine Database from their inception date to April 24, 2021 to identify all published guidelines on MCI. The qualities of the eligible guidelines were appraised by two reviewers using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument. Results: Thirteen guidance documents (four guidelines and nine consensus statements) with specific recommendations were included. Nine guidelines and consensus statements covered the screening and diagnosis of MCI. The evaluation of the documents showed that neuropsychological testing and biomarker assessments were the most common recommendations for the diagnosis of MCI. Nine of the 13 guidance documents covered the treatment and management of MCI. The recommendations for the treatment and management were classified into four categories, namely: intervention for risk reduction, pharmacologic interventions, non-pharmacologic interventions, and counseling. Regarding pharmacological interventions, three guidelines recommend no pharmacologic intervention. The use of cholinesterase inhibitors for MCI is contraindicated in three guidance documents, whereas one proposes that cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine should be deprescribed. EHb761®, Chinese herbal decoctions, and Chinese traditional patent medicine are recommended in two documents. A total of seven guidance documents recommend non-pharmacological interventions, including physical activity interventions, cognitive interventions, dietary and nutritional interventions, and acupuncture. Conclusion: An updated search for possible evidence on the diagnosis and treatment of MCI is needed. Potentially effective diagnoses and treatments, either conventional or complementary, and alternative therapies should be highly valued and addressed in correlation with the supporting evidence.

Platelets are commonly transfused either therapeutically or prophylactically to maintain hemostasis. Most platelet transfusions are used to manage patients with hematologic malignancies. Although platelet transfusion guidelines have been published, platelet transfusion practices are still heterogeneous. Platelet transfusion guidelines partly lack recommendations or differ in the platelet threshold recommendations in some clinical situations. This article reviews platelet transfusions focusing on transfusion guidelines and platelet thresholds in different clinical settings.

OBJECTIVE: To screen all treatments tested for solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) without rectal prolapse and to assess their efficacy.
METHODS: A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines, focusing on the treatment of SRUS without rectal prolapse. The types of treatment and their efficacy were collected and critically assessed.
RESULTS: A selection of 20 studies among the 470 publications focusing on SRUS provided suitable data for a total of 516 patients. Only 2 studies were randomised prospective trials that focused on argon plasma treatment. The mean follow-up was 21.8 months and ranged from 0.25 to 90 months. Most of the studies focused on surgery, including rectopexy, stapled transanal rectal resection, excision of the ulcer, the Delorme procedure, proctectomy, low anterior resection, and ostomy. Populations of the studies were heterogeneous and selected outcomes were specific (failure of medical or surgical treatment). Conservative treatment (high-fibre diet, laxatives, change of defecatory habits, and biofeedback treatment) induced a symptomatic improvement in 71/91 patients (63.6%) and healing of mucosal lesion in 17/51 patients (33.3%). Surgeries (all types) improved SRUS in 77% (54-100%) of patients. Argon plasma coagulation is a promising technique but longer follow-up is necessary.
CONCLUSIONS: The general quality of the studies focusing on the treatment of SRUS was poor due to the heterogeneity of the population, the sample size of the cohorts, and the heterogeneity of efficacy assessments. The therapeutic approach appears to be multimodal and multidisciplinary and validated in centres of expertise. Further studies evaluating multimodal strategies are needed.

The primary purposes of this interdisciplinary consensus statement were to review the relevant indications for central neck dissection (CND) in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and to outline the appropriate extent and relevant techniques required to accomplish a safe and effective CND.
A writing group convened by the American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) Endocrine Committee was tasked with identifying the important clinical elements to consider when managing the central neck compartment in patients with PTC based on available evidence in the literature, and the group\'s collective experience. The position statement paper was then submitted to the full Endocrine Committee, Education Committee, and AHNS Council.
This consensus statement was developed to inform the clinical decision-making process when managing the central neck compartment in patients with PTC from the AHNS. This document is intended to provide clarity through definitions as well as a basic guideline from which to manage the central neck. It is our hope that this improves the quality and reduces variation in management of the central neck, facilitates communication, and furthers research for patients with thyroid cancer.
This represents, in our opinion, contemporary optimal surgical care for this patient population and is endorsed by the American Head and Neck Society. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 1269-1279, 2017.