背景:经常消耗能量饮料(ED)与许多健康问题有关,包括超重和肥胖,特别是在儿童和青少年中。广泛推广,广泛的可访问性,相对较低的ED成本显著增加了它们在这一年龄组中的受欢迎程度。本文研究了以下政策/计划:直接和间接,有助于减少儿童和青少年的ED消费,并分享全球经验,以帮助决策者采取循证政策。
方法:使用PubMed进行了系统搜索,Scopus,和2000年1月至2024年6月的WebofScience数据库,以及著名的国际组织网站,寻找有关旨在减少儿童和青少年ED消费的政策的文献。所有符合纳入标准的来源均无限制。标题和摘要最初经过筛选,然后是全文回顾。在评估选定研究的质量后,提取数据,以及所选文档中的信息,编译为表,详细说明这个国家,策略类型,以及每一项政策的有效性和弱点。
结果:在12166份审查的研究和文件中,84项研究和70份文件符合纳入标准。73个国家和地区实施了税收等政策,销售禁令,学校禁令,标签,以及对ED的营销限制。大多数采用财政措施,尽管面临执法挑战,但仍在减少消费。标签,访问限制,营销禁令很常见,但面临黑市等问题。
结论:本范围审查概述了各国为减少儿童和青少年的ED消费而采取的各种策略,比如税收,学校禁令,销售限制,和标签要求。虽然人们对ED危害的认识提高加强了政策努力,许多亚洲和非洲国家缺乏这样的措施,一些政策已经过时了十多年,现行政策面临若干挑战。这些挑战包括行业阻力,政府分歧,公众反对,经济考虑,以及政策设计的复杂性。考虑到这一点,各国应根据其文化和社会背景制定政策,考虑到每个政策的优点和缺点,以避免漏洞。部门间合作,持续的政策监测,更新,和公共教育运动对于提高认识和确保有效实施至关重要。
BACKGROUND: Frequent consumption of Energy Drinks (EDs) is associated with numerous health problems, including overweight and obesity, particularly among children and adolescents. The extensive promotion, wide accessibility, and relatively low cost of EDs have significantly increased their popularity among this age group. This paper examines policies/programs that, directly and indirectly, contribute to reducing ED consumption in children and adolescents and shares global experiences to help policymakers adopt evidence-based policies.
METHODS: A systematic search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from January 2000 to June 2024, along with reputable international organization websites, to find literature on policies aimed at reducing ED consumption among children and adolescents. All sources meeting the inclusion criteria were included without restrictions. Titles and abstracts were initially screened, followed by a full-text
review. After evaluating the quality of the selected studies, data were extracted and, along with information from the selected documents, compiled into a table, detailing the country, policy type, and the effectiveness and weaknesses of each policy.
RESULTS: Out of 12166 reviewed studies and documents, 84 studies and 70 documents met the inclusion criteria. 73 countries and territories have implemented policies like taxation, sales bans, school bans, labeling, and marketing restrictions on EDs. Most employ fiscal measures, reducing consumption despite enforcement challenges. Labeling, access restrictions, and marketing bans are common but face issues like black markets.
CONCLUSIONS: This scoping
review outlines diverse strategies adopted by countries to reduce ED consumption among children and teenagers, such as taxation, school bans, sales restrictions, and labeling requirements. While heightened awareness of ED harms has reinforced policy efforts, many Asian and African nations lack such measures, some policies remain outdated for over a decade, and existing policies face several challenges. These challenges encompass industry resistance, governmental disagreements, public opposition, economic considerations, and the intricacies of policy design. Considering this, countries should tailor policies to their cultural and social contexts, taking into account each policy\'s strengths and weaknesses to avoid loopholes. Inter-sectoral cooperation, ongoing policy monitoring, updates, and public education campaigns are essential to raise awareness and ensure effective implementation.