We present a case report about a 26-year-old female with a Mycobacterium wolinskyi surgical site infection after bilateral breast augmentation. In a unique approach compared with previously reported cases, the patient was successfully treated in an outpatient setting using only orally administered cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) and ciprofloxacin with one-sided preservation of the breast prothesis. We also provide a comprehensive overview of all report cases of M. wolinskyi infections available in the PubMed database until December 2023 and compare the different diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

The association of Staphylococcus aureus with vasculitis remains relatively rare and poorly understood. In this report, we present a case of Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)-associated leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) following a surgical site infection, adding to the limited body of knowledge on this intriguing clinical entity. A 52-year-old male with a medical history significant for type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and coronary artery disease presented with progressively worsening generalized petechial rash and migratory joint pains with associated joint swelling. The patient\'s symptoms began following surgical repair for a rectus abdominis incisional hernia with mesh placement that was complicated by an abdominal wall abscess at the surgical site, prompting drain placement. Cultures from the abscess aspirate revealed Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus infection. A punch biopsy of the petechial lesions revealed findings consistent with leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The rash and joint pains resolved approximately one week after initiation of treatment with antibiotics and steroids. This case sheds light on the rare but clinically significant association between Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus infection and leukocytoclastic vasculitis, particularly following surgical site infections. The prompt recognition and treatment of underlying MSSA infection, along with the targeted management of LCV, resulted in the resolution of symptoms in our patient. This case emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach and highlights the efficacy of antibiotic therapy in mitigating MSSA-associated vasculitic manifestations.

This report details a rare case of surgical site infection (SSI) caused by Mycobacterium kansasii following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in a 53-year-old patient with IgA-κ type multiple myeloma. After undergoing multiple chemotherapy regimens and two stem cell transplants, the patient developed an SSI 31-month post-transplantation, manifesting as an intracranial abscess at the site of a previous craniotomy. M. kansasii was isolated from the drainage fluid, marking this instance as a unique case in the literature of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection post-allo-HSCT with such a delayed onset. The patient\'s treatment included targeted antimicrobial therapy based on susceptibility testing, resulting in eventual resolution of the infection, although the patient later succumbed to multiple myeloma relapse. This case underscores the critical need to consider NTM infections in the differential diagnosis of persistent fevers and SSIs in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with chronic graft-versus-host disease. It highlights the importance of early diagnostic and therapeutic interventions to manage these infections effectively. This report contributes to the limited but growing body of literature on NTM infections post-allo-HSCT and emphasizes the need for vigilance in monitoring postoperative patients, especially those with prolonged immunosuppression.

We present a case of tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) caused by Clostridioides difficile (CD) in a 43-year-old female. Despite lacking a history of sexually transmitted diseases, the patient had undergone paraovarian cystectomy nine months before admission. Transvaginal ultrasonography performed eight months post-surgery revealed left ovarian enlargement, accompanied by subsequent lower abdominal pain and fever exceeding 38 °C. As oral antibiotic treatment was ineffective, the patient was admitted to our hospital. Computed tomography upon admission revealed a massive TOA. Surgical drainage of the abscess was performed, and CD was identified in the culture from the pus. The TOA was treated with a three-month course of metronidazole and oral amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. While CD is commonly associated with colitis, extraintestinal manifestations are exceptionally rare. This case represents the inaugural report of TOA resulting from CD. A literature review on abdominal and pelvic CD abscesses found that patients undergoing surgical drainage had a favorable prognosis. Therefore, surgical intervention plays an important role in the management of CD abscesses.

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UNASSIGNED: Human scabies is a contagious skin condition caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite, leading to skin damage and subsequent mechanical irritation from scratching. This impaired skin integrity predisposes individuals to skin infections. While the association between scabies and skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes is well-documented, there is limited literature on the risk of surgical site infections in such cases.
METHODS: This case report aims to explore this risk by presenting a case of surgical site infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes following surgery for a complex elbow injury in a patient with scabies infestation.
CONCLUSIONS: Scabies infestation leads to direct spread of bacteria and contributes to bacterial infection. Furthermore, complement inhibition and dysbiosis induced by the scabies may facilitate the occurrence of these bacterial infections.
CONCLUSIONS: Skin infections are frequently encountered in scabies infestations. Preferred incision should be evaluated meticulously before surgery. Further studies are needed to reach a definitive conclusion on this subject.

UNASSIGNED: Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare condition that may result in catastrophic outcomes. On the other hand, calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) deposition disease (CPPD) causes inflammatory arthritis. Spinal involvement of a crystal-induced inflammation caused by CPPD is also common. Surgery is a common risk factor for both SEA and CPPD; however, the postoperative acute onset of SEA complicated with CPPD is extremely rare.
UNASSIGNED: A man in his 70s presented to our hospital, complaining of right upper limb weakness, loss of dexterity, and gait disturbance. The diagnosis of cervical spondylotic myelopathy was made, and he performed laminectomy at C3, C4, and C5 levels. Four days after the laminectomy, he suffered from acute neck pain, weakness, and hypoesthesia in his arms and legs. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass occupying the dorsal epidural space of C6 and C7, compressing the cervical spinal cord. Considering the acute symptomatology, an acute spinal epidural hematoma after surgery was suspected; therefore, emergency C6 and C7 laminectomy was performed. Surgical findings indicated that the pressure inside the spinal canal was elevated, and the mass was purulent exudate. Pathological examination showed suppurative inflammation with concomitant deposition of CPP. SEA complicated with CPPD was considered; therefore, antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were administered. The motor weakness and hypoesthesia were improved despite a slight residual deficit in his dexterity.
UNASSIGNED: An acute onset of SEA complicated with CPPD after cervical surgery has rarely been reported. The suppurative inflammation fostered by the crystal-induced inflammation may account for the acute symptomatology.

Following the COVID-19 infection, the sternum dislocation and wound dehiscence resulted in an infection complicating the recovery of an immunosuppressed patient after bilateral lung transplantation. Anaerobic culture (96 h) of milky cloudy wound secretion resulted in the growth of pinpoint haemolytic colonies identified as Metamycoplasma hominis (formerly Mycoplasma hominis). The search for the endogenous source of the infection found the bacterium exclusively in the patient\'s sputum, making a possible link to donor lung M. hominis colonization. Unfortunately, the donor samples were no longer available. The wound infection was successfully treated with 17 days of clindamycin despite the continuous PCR detection of M. hominis in the sputum after the end of the treatment.

The objective of this case series was to analyse the complications that arise from tracheostomy procedures conducted in a tertiary healthcare facility throughout a two-year timeframe. Fifteen occurrences of complications were observed out of the 100 tracheostomies that were studied, suggesting a prevalence rate of 15%. The detected complications included subcutaneous emphysema, misplacement of the tube, infection at the surgical site, and tracheal stenosis, among various others. Considerable indications of complication were identified, encompassing variables such as age and a history of head and neck cancer. The findings of this study highlight the significance of personalized patient care, vigilant monitoring, and proactive measures for individuals receiving tracheostomy. Further investigations are necessary to validate these findings and improve patient safety and outcomes in the realm of tracheostomy surgeries.

UNASSIGNED: Surgical site infection is a common healthcare-associated infection that affects maternal health, yet it can be prevented or controlled. Caesarian sections are most likely to develop surgical site infections. The rates of delivery by caesarian section in reported to be higher that the acceptable rates in some healthcare facilities. Risk factors for surgical site infections can be identified and modified to reduce the occurrence of surgical site infections. This study aims to determine the risk factors that contribute to surgical site infections post caesarian section in a tertiary teaching hospital in Kenya.
UNASSIGNED: This was a retrospective case-control (1:2 matched) study conducted between 1st November 2021 to 31st October 2022 at a tertiary hospital in Nairobi. Data was extracted on surgical site risk factors as per World Health Organization\'s recommended preoperative measures, for both cases and controls. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the variables and the Chi-squared test and Fisher\'s Exact test were used for group comparisons.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 1,262 caesarian deliveries were performed, 2.1% (27/1262) of which developed surgical site infections post caesarian section. The risk factors identified were not significantly associated with surgical site infection development (gestational age P=0.152, body mass index P=0.615, premature rupture of membranes P=0.253, and antibiotic prophylaxis P=0.108).
UNASSIGNED: There was no significant association of exposure to surgical site infection risk factors with surgical site infection despite a positive trend. Other prospective methods should also be used in addition to chart reviews to determine the level of effect each risk factor has on surgical site infection.