目的:本研究旨在探讨和分析风险因素,病原菌的分布,以及它们的抗生素耐药性特征影响手术部位感染(SSI)的发生,为降低创伤骨折术后SSI的发生率提供有价值的帮助。
方法:在空军医科大学唐都医院进行了一项回顾性病例对照研究,纳入了2015年1月至2019年12月接受创伤性骨折手术治疗的3978名参与者。基线数据,人口特征,生活方式,与手术治疗相关的变量,和病原体培养物的收获和分析。采用单因素分析和多因素logistic回归分析揭示SSI的独立危险因素。绘制细菌分布直方图和药物敏感热图以描述其致病特征。
结果:包括3978例患者,其中138例发生SSI,术后发生率为3.47%。通过Logistic回归分析,我们发现,变量如性别(男性)(优势比(OR)=2.012,95%置信区间(CI):1.235-3.278,p=0.005),糖尿病(OR=5.848,95%CI:3.513-9.736,p<0.001),低蛋白血症(OR=3.400,95%CI:1.280-9.031,p=0.014),潜在疾病(OR=5.398,95%CI:2.343-12.438,p<0.001),激素治疗(OR=11.718,95%CI:6.269-21.903,p<0.001),开放性骨折(OR=29.377,95%CI:9.944-86.784,p<0.001),术中输血(OR=2.664,95%CI:1.572-4.515,p<0.001)是SSI的独立危险因素,while,59岁以上(OR=0.132,95%CI:0.059-0.296,p<0.001),预防性使用抗生素(OR=0.082,95%CI:0.042-0.164,p<0.001)和负压封闭引流(OR=0.036,95%CI:0.010-0.129,p<0.001)是保护因素.病原菌检测结果显示,共收获38种细菌301株,其中革兰氏阳性菌178株(59.1%),123株(40.9%)为革兰氏阴性菌。金黄色葡萄球菌(108,60.7%)和阴沟肠杆菌(38,30.9%)所占比例最年夜。革兰阳性菌对万古霉素和利奈唑胺的敏感性几乎为100%。革兰阴性菌对亚胺培南的敏感性,阿米卡星,美罗培南超过73%。
结论:骨科医生需要根据与术后SSI相关的危险因素和保护因素制定合适的手术计划,以减少其发生。同时,建议在入院早期加强血糖控制,医生在临床选择抗生素治疗时应谨慎科学。
OBJECTIVE: We carried out the study aiming to explore and analyze the risk factors, the distribution of pathogenic bacteria, and their antibiotic-resistance characteristics influencing the occurrence of surgical site infection (SSI), to provide valuable assistance for reducing the incidence of SSI after traumatic fracture surgery.
METHODS: A retrospective case-control study enrolling 3978 participants from January 2015 to December 2019 receiving surgical treatment for traumatic fractures was conducted at Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Medical University. Baseline data, demographic characteristics, lifestyles, variables related to surgical treatment, and pathogen culture were harvested and analyzed. Univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to reveal the independent risk factors of SSI. A bacterial distribution histogram and drug-sensitive heat map were drawn to describe the pathogenic characteristics.
RESULTS: Included 3978 patients 138 of them developed SSI with an incidence rate of 3.47% postoperatively. By logistic regression analysis, we found that variables such as gender (males) (odds ratio (OR) = 2.012, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.235 - 3.278, p = 0.005), diabetes mellitus (OR = 5.848, 95% CI: 3.513 - 9.736, p < 0.001), hypoproteinemia (OR = 3.400, 95% CI: 1.280 - 9.031, p = 0.014), underlying disease (OR = 5.398, 95% CI: 2.343 - 12.438, p < 0.001), hormonotherapy (OR = 11.718, 95% CI: 6.269 - 21.903, p < 0.001), open fracture (OR = 29.377, 95% CI: 9.944 - 86.784, p < 0.001), and intraoperative transfusion (OR = 2.664, 95% CI: 1.572 - 4.515, p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for SSI, while, aged over 59 years (OR = 0.132, 95% CI: 0.059 - 0.296, p < 0.001), prophylactic antibiotics use (OR = 0.082, 95% CI: 0.042 - 0.164, p < 0.001) and vacuum sealing drainage use (OR = 0.036, 95% CI: 0.010 - 0.129, p < 0.001) were protective factors. Pathogens results showed that 301 strains of 38 species of bacteria were harvested, among which 178 (59.1%) strains were Gram-positive bacteria, and 123 (40.9%) strains were Gram-negative bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus (108, 60.7%) and Enterobacter cloacae (38, 30.9%) accounted for the largest proportion. The susceptibility of Gram-positive bacteria to Vancomycin and Linezolid was almost 100%. The susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteria to Imipenem, Amikacin, and Meropenem exceeded 73%.
CONCLUSIONS: Orthopedic surgeons need to develop appropriate surgical plans based on the risk factors and protective factors associated with postoperative SSI to reduce its occurrence. Meanwhile, it is recommended to strengthen blood glucose control in the early stage of admission and for surgeons to be cautious and scientific when choosing antibiotic therapy in clinical practice.