背景:针对世界人口老龄化需求的两个研究和开发领域正在蓬勃发展,成功的老化和辅助信息和通信技术(A-ICT)。我们在两种话语中的交流方式中出现的年龄歧视刻板印象的风险早已为人所知。这引发了一个问题,即在“老龄化缺陷”的背景下使用特定的年龄标准是否会导致参与,或遵守,试图避免与年龄相关的耻辱的老年人的研究过程。
目的:本研究旨在检查受试者招募情况,研究设计(基于年龄>65岁标准),以及健康研究中关于老年人A-ICT负担能力的研究目标和结论的论述。
方法:使用系统映射方法来表征基本原理,方法,既定目标,以及在PubMed中索引并通过搜索逻辑检索的研究的预期结果([\“老年人”或老年人或老年人]和[ICT或老年技术或\“辅助技术\”)]和(\“健康老龄化\”或\“成功老龄化\”或\“健康老龄化\”或\“成功老龄化\”)。纳入标准如下:研究应招募年龄较大的参与者(年龄>65岁),定性或定量研究,并涉及引入至少一种A-ICT来改善与健康有关的情况。排除标准如下:综述,观点,调查,或使用信息和通信技术进行数据收集而不是生活方式干预的研究。内容,专题,和语篇分析被用来绘制研究特征,并综合研究问题的结果。
结果:在180项通过搜索逻辑的研究中,31项(17.2%)符合纳入标准(6项随机对照试验,4个纯粹的定量研究,9个焦点小组,2观察性研究,和10项混合方法研究)。除了一种情况,招募是务实和非随机的。对基本原理的主题分析显示,很有可能强调衰老的负担,如护理成本上升(12/31,39%)和年龄相关赤字(14/31,45%)。研究的目标分为4类:促进身体活动,机器人和远程健康监测系统的验收和可行性,风险检测,以及A-ICT在老年人医疗保健中的未来。定性研究更加关注非年龄研究指南。研究结果的异质性(定性和定量)与年龄无关,而与个人机构有关,接受,和坚持。研究策略的组合(参与式,纵向,顽皮,灵活,和基于需求的设计)在表征研究结果的变化方面被证明是成功的。记录招募动态的研究表明,对污名的恐惧是使参与者参与产生偏见的一个因素。
结论:本综述表明年龄不是招募和保留参与者的信息标准。绘制了采用的动态,和互动,A-ICT对于推进研究和技术开发至关重要。
BACKGROUND: Two fields of research and development targeting the needs of the aging population of the world are flourishing, successful aging and assistive information and communication technologies (A-ICTs). The risks of ageist stereotypes emerging from how we communicate in both discourses are long known. This raises questions about whether using specific age criteria in the context of \"aging deficits\" can bias participation in, or compliance with, the research process by older adults who try to avoid age-related stigma.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine subject recruitment, study designs (based on age >65 years criteria), as well as discourses in research objectives and conclusions in health research on affordances of A-ICTs for older adults.
METHODS: A systematic mapping approach was used to characterize rationales, methods, stated objectives, and expected outcomes of studies indexed in PubMed and retrieved through the search logic ([\"Older Adults\" OR Seniors OR Elderly] AND [ICT OR gerontechnology OR \"Assistive Technology\")] AND (\"Healthy Aging\" OR \"Successful Aging\" OR \"healthy ageing\" OR \"successful ageing\"). Inclusion criteria were as follows: the study should have recruited older participants (aged >65 years), been qualitative or quantitative research, and involved the introduction of at least one A-ICT for health-related improvements. Exclusion criteria were as follows: reviews, viewpoints, surveys, or studies that used information and communication technology for data collection instead of lifestyle interventions. Content, thematic, and discourse analyses were used to map the study characteristics and synthesize results with respect to the research question.
RESULTS: Of 180 studies that passed the search logic, 31 (17.2%) satisfied the inclusion criteria (6 randomized controlled trials, 4 purely quantitative studies, 9 focus groups, 2 observational studies, and 10 mixed methods studies). In all but one case, recruitment was pragmatic and nonrandom. Thematic analysis of rationales revealed a high likelihood of emphasis on the burdens of aging, such as rising costs of care (12/31, 39%) and age-related deficits (14/31, 45%). The objectives of the research fell under 4 categories: promotion of physical activity, acceptance and feasibility of robots and remote health monitoring systems, risk detection, and the future of A-ICTs in health care for older adults. Qualitative studies were more attentive to the nonageist research guidelines. Heterogeneity in the study results (both qualitative and quantitative) was not related to age but to individual agency, acceptance, and adherence. A combination of research strategies (participatory, longitudinal, playful, flexible, and need-based designs) proved successful in characterizing variations in study outcomes. Studies that documented recruitment dynamics revealed that fear of stigma was a factor that biased participants\' engagement.
CONCLUSIONS: This
review indicates that age is not an informative criterion for recruitment and retention of participants. Charting the dynamics of adoption of, and interaction with, A-ICTs is critical for advancing research and technology development.