各个医院和医疗机构产生的废物,包括工业的浪费,可以归类为生物医学废物(宝马)。这种类型的废物的成分是各种传染性和有害物质。然后识别这些废物,隔离,科学地对待。医疗保健专业人员不可避免地需要对宝马及其管理有足够的知识和适当的态度。产生的宝马可以是固体或液体废物,包括传染性或潜在传染性材料,比如医疗,研究,或实验室废物。宝马管理不当很有可能会导致医护人员感染,参观这些设施的病人,以及周围环境和社区。宝马也可以分为一般,病态,放射性,化学,传染性,夏普,制药,或加压废物。印度有完善的规则来正确处理和管理宝马。生物医学废物管理规则,2016(BMWM规则,2016年)规定,每个医疗机构应采取一切必要步骤,以确保宝马的处理不会对人类和环境健康产生任何不利影响。这份文件包含六个时间表,包括宝马的类别,容器的颜色编码和类型,和宝马容器或袋子的标签,它应该是不可洗的和可见的。宝马集装箱的运输标签,处理和处置的标准,而焚化炉和高压灭菌器等废物处理设施的时间表也包括在附表中。印度制定的新规则旨在改善种族隔离,交通运输,处置方法,和宝马的治疗。这种适当的管理旨在减少环境污染,因为,如果管理不当,宝马可以引起空气,水,土地污染。在金融和基础设施发展方面,政府提供的集体团队合作是有效处置宝马的非常重要的要求。虔诚的医护人员和设施也很重要。Further,对宝马进行适当和持续的监控是至关重要的。因此,制定环保的方法以及正确的宝马处置计划和协议对于实现绿色和清洁环境的目标非常重要。这篇评论文章的目的是提供系统的基于证据的信息以及对宝马的全面研究。
The waste generated in various hospitals and healthcare facilities, including the waste of industries, can be grouped under biomedical waste (BMW). The constituents of this type of waste are various infectious and hazardous materials. This waste is then identified, segregated, and treated scientifically. There is an inevitable need for healthcare professionals to have adequate knowledge and a proper attitude towards BMW and its management. BMW generated can either be solid or liquid waste comprising infectious or potentially infectious materials, such as medical, research, or laboratory waste. There is a high possibility that inappropriate management of BMW can cause infections to healthcare workers, the patients visiting the facilities, and the surrounding environment and community. BMW can also be classified into general, pathological, radioactive, chemical, infectious, sharps, pharmaceuticals, or pressurized wastes. India has well-established rules for the proper handling and management of BMW. Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016 (BMWM Rules, 2016) specify that every healthcare facility shall take all necessary steps to ensure that BMW is handled without any adverse effect on human and environmental health. This document contains six schedules, including the category of BMW, the color coding and type of containers, and labels for BMW containers or bags, which should be non-washable and visible. A label for the transportation of BMW containers, the standard for treatment and disposal, and the schedule for waste treatment facilities such as incinerators and autoclaves are included in the schedule. The new rules established in India are meant to improve the
segregation, transportation, disposal methods, and treatment of BMW. This proper management is intended to decrease environmental pollution because, if not managed properly, BMW can cause air, water, and land pollution. Collective teamwork with committed government support in finance and infrastructure development is a very important requirement for the effective disposal of BMW. Devoted healthcare workers and facilities are also significant. Further, the proper and continuous monitoring of BMW is a vital necessity. Therefore, developing environmentally friendly methods and the right plan and protocols for the disposal of BMW is very important to achieve a goal of a green and clean environment. The aim of this
review article is to provide systematic evidence-based information along with a comprehensive study of BMW in an organized manner.