人类血吸虫病是仅次于疟疾的世界范围内发病率和死亡率最高的寄生虫病。它在超过78个热带和亚热带国家特有,尤其是在撒哈拉以南非洲,估计有2.36亿人被感染。它可以在泌尿生殖系统和肝脾水平引起严重的健康并发症,每年导致30万人死亡。近年来,西方国家的输入病例数量有所增加,这是由于来自流行地区的大量移民的到来以及访问他们的旅行者的数量不断增加。另一方面,最近在科西嘉岛(法国)和阿尔梅里亚(西班牙)爆发了本地传播。由于所有这些原因,欧洲卫生当局建议对所有在欧洲居住不到5年的流行地区移民进行血清学筛查.由于初级保健通常是这些人与卫生系统的第一个联系点,医生必须知道疾病的主要方面,并为其诊断和治疗提供必要的手段。本文件由五个初级保健科学学会(SEMFyC,SEMG,SEMERGEN),儿科(SEIP)和热带医学与国际卫生(SEMTSI),以便为初级保健中血吸虫病的诊断和管理建立明确的建议。
Human schistosomiasis is the parasitic disease with the highest morbidity and mortality worldwide after malaria. It is endemic in more than 78 tropical and subtropical countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, and it is estimated that 236 million people are infected. It can cause serious health complications at the genitourinary and hepatosplenic level, leading to the death of 300,000 people each year. The number of imported cases in Western countries has increased in recent years due to the arrival of a significant number of migrants from endemic regions and a growing number of travelers who have visited them. On the other hand, outbreaks of autochthonous transmission have recently been reported in Corsica (France) and Almería (Spain). For all these reasons, the European health authorities have recommended serological screening for the disease in all migrants from endemic areas who have been living in Europe for less than 5 years. Since Primary Care is usually the first point of contact for these people with the Health System, doctors must know the main aspects of the disease, and be provided with the necessary means for its diagnosis and treatment. This document has been prepared by professionals belonging to five scientific societies of Primary Care (SEMFyC, SEMG, SEMERGEN), Pediatrics (SEIP) and Tropical Medicine and International Health (SEMTSI), in order to establish clear recommendations for the diagnosis and management of schistosomiasis in Primary Care.