BACKGROUND: Sarcoptic mange is rare in cats. The main symptoms reported in cases of feline sarcoptic mange include crusty lesions and pruritus, although these may vary in severity among individuals.
OBJECTIVE: This report describes three cats infested with Sarcoptes scabiei, all presenting with pruritus and excoriation.
METHODS: The diagnosis was confirmed by microscopic observation of skin scrape samples.
RESULTS: All three cats were treated successfully using moxidectin and imidacloprid, selamectin and ivermectin, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: The clinical presentation of feline scabies appears to be more variable in cats than in dogs. Infestation with S. scabiei should be considered a differential diagnosis for cats presenting with pruritic inflammatory skin disease.

Norwegian scabies is a rare scabies with the manifestation of thick crusts of the extremities of the skin that contain eggs and mites. Several conditions in which scabies infection is easily transmitted include immunocompromised, home nursing, and severe neurological disorder. The aim of this case report was to present a thorough analysis of a comprehensive resource for the management of Norwegian scabies patients, with a specific focus on individuals who also have HIV or other immunocompromising diseases. A 1-year-and-7-month-old boy was presented to the hospital with a chief complaint of a thick crust that he had experienced for four months. It began as a red papule in the lower extremity, then crusted and spread to the whole body. The patient kept scratching due to itching, had a recurrent fever and diarrhea for three months, and cough for one month. The patient was diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and pulmonary tuberculosis at three months, suspected to get the infection from the parents. Sarcoptes scabiei was found from microscopy examination of skin scraping. The patient received holistic treatment, including antiretroviral drugs, antituberculosis medication, scabies treatment, and malnutrition treatment. Appropriate scabies treatment aimed at peeling crusted skin, relieving itching, and increasing the patient ability to use the extremities. Comorbidity conditions caused by HIV and pulmonary tuberculosis should also be treated to optimize the outcome. The patient was discharged in good condition with sanitation education and regular follow-up at the outpatient clinic. This case highlights that Sarcoptes scabiei infestation may be a clue to an immunocompromised condition. Holistic therapy aiming to cure underlying infection, infestation and underlying nutrition and psychosocial problems must be addressed to fully cure this high-burden case.

UNASSIGNED: Scabies is a common parasitic infestation caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. Scabies can mimic other entities clinically, resulting in misdiagnosis. The presence of a mite in the stratum corneum on biopsy specimens is diagnostic of scabies. However, there are instances when mites are not visible, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining may be misleading. An example is when IHC demonstrates Cluster of Differentiation 1a and S100 positivity. The main differential diagnosis for this finding is Langerhans cell histiocytosis, a group of idiopathic disorders of bone marrow-derived Langerhans cells, with manifestations ranging from isolated to life-threatening multisystem disease.
UNASSIGNED: We present a case of a patient who was diagnosed with Langerhans cell histiocytosis based on histological findings, further review with a repeat reading and deeper sectioning of her biopsy revealed a mite in the stratum corneum, altering the diagnosis, course, and management. She subsequently developed persistent post-scabietic nodules, an underreported entity that may occur following infestation and persist for up to a year. These lesions are self-limiting and do not require repeated courses of treatment.
UNASSIGNED: Langerhans cell hyperplasia may be seen in a multitude of entities, including scabies. Familiarity with this phenomenon is crucial to avoid unnecessary invasive investigations, aggressive management and alleviate patients\' concerns.

South American Camelids, including alpacas, have gained popularity in Europe as pets and prized wool sources. Skin health concerns, particularly mite infestations, have emerged as a notable problem in these animals. Sarcoptic mange can lead to severe itching, papules, and chronic symptoms such as alopecia, crusts, and emaciation if left untreated. This case report documents a 2-year-old female alpaca suffering from sarcoptic mange. Despite initial treatment with ivermectin, its condition worsened, leading to severe weight loss, abortion, and a continued presence of mites. Considering the lack of effective treatments for sarcoptic mange in alpacas and the unavailability of registered drugs for this species in Italy, fluralaner, a drug previously used in other animal species, has been administered orally at a dosage of 5 mg/kg. Within a week after the treatment with fluralaner, the patient exhibited significant improvement, including the resolution of itching, healing of skin lesions, and an increase in appetite. Follow-up skin scrapings confirmed the absence of mites, and the patient\'s condition continued to improve. Fluralaner demonstrated to be a highly effective and fast-acting treatment for sarcoptic mange in alpacas, offering potential economic benefits attributed to its single-dose administration.

Scabies, a common and highly contagious skin infestation, is caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. Identifying individuals with scabies often poses a diagnostic challenge, as its clinical features resemble other dermatologic conditions such as drug reactions, atopic dermatitis, and contact dermatitis. Furthermore, the cutaneous manifestations arise from delayed-type immunologic reactions to the mites and their byproducts, allowing some individuals to carry the mite without showing symptoms. The significant transmissibility of scabies, along with the potential for asymptomatic carriers, creates multiple treatment hurdles for cohabiting individuals, as the failure to treat all close contacts can result in re-infestation. This report presents the case of a 46-year-old Vietnamese male who suffered from a worsening erythematous, scaly, and pruritic rash for four months. Despite being prescribed topical corticosteroids by three different dermatologists, his rash persisted. Upon thorough evaluation, scabies was diagnosed. The patient was treated with scabicidal agents, which initially alleviated his symptoms; however, three weeks later, his symptoms resurfaced. Further investigation revealed that his wife was an asymptomatic carrier who had not received treatment. This case highlights the clinical features, pathogenesis, and treatment options for scabies while emphasizing the importance of promptly identifying and treating all close contacts.

BACKGROUND: Norwegian scabies is a rare dermatological manifestation that usually affects the most fragile populations, such as elderly and immunocompromised patients, and its diagnosis is quite complex, due to its low prevalence in the general population and because of a broad spectrum manifestation.
METHODS: Here we describe a rare case of Norwegian scabies that was previously misdiagnosed in a sixteen year old patient affected by Down syndrome and we conducted a non-systematic literature review about this topic. Lesions were atypical, pruritic and associated with periodic desquamation of the palms and soles and after a series of specialist evaluations, she finally underwent topical treatment with complete remission.
CONCLUSIONS: It is therefore crucial to take in consideration the relation between Down syndrome and community acquired crusted scabies, to enable preventative measures, early detection, and proper treatment.

In this paper, we present a case of relieving severe itching caused by scabies with tofacitinib. We show that the tofacitinib can quickly alleviate the itching caused by scabies, and this case may indicate a new option for comprehensive treatment of scabies.

Sarcoptes scabiei (Acari: Sarcoptidae) is a globally distributed parasitic mite species, which causes mange in a broad spectrum of domestic and wild mammals. In the present study, we report a case of chronic S. scabiei infestation in a captive lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris) held in a multi-species exhibit at Vienna Zoo. The adult male showed clinically manifested mange flare-ups three times at an interval of up to 12 months, diagnosed by positive deep-skin scrapings and successfully treated by oral applications of ivermectin (0.1-0.2 mg/kg body weight) and washings with antimicrobial solutions. Clinical symptoms including pruritus, alopecia, erythema, crusts, and superficial bleedings were limited to the axillar and pectoral region, as well as distal limbs. The affected tapir died from underlying bacterial pneumonia during general anesthesia. Skin scrapings, necropsy, and histopathological analysis of mite material (eggs, larvae, and adults) permitted further morphological and molecular identification. The morphological features described here matched the characteristics for the species S. scabiei and molecular data verified morphological identification. Cross-species transmission plays a key role in the expansion of this neglected emerging panzootic disease and urban wildlife could potentially bridge the gap between free-ranging wildlife reservoirs and zoo animals. However, further examinations are needed to detect the primary source of infestation and discover transmission pathways within the zoo.

Pediculosis capitis, colloquially referred to as head lice, engenders adverse social and economic consequences among children. While generally not considered a health hazard, chronic and severe head lice infestations have been linked to secondary iron-deficiency anemia. This case report documents a 7-year-old girl who presented for dental treatment with a history of social isolation and poor school attendance. Upon examination, the patient was found to have head lice and scabies infestations, resulting in secondary iron-deficiency anemia. The patient could return to full-time education after successful treatment for the head lice infestation administered by the dental team. This case underscores the need for treatment guidelines to manage children with diagnosed or suspected cases of head lice from a dental perspective. In instances of severe infestation, referral to a medical professional may be necessary for further management. This report highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing head lice infestations and its implications on dental management.

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