气候变化,粮食短缺,缺水,人口增长是当今世界面临的一些威胁挑战。干旱胁迫(DS)对农作物构成了持续的挑战,并被认为是全球农业生产力的严重制约因素;预计其强度和严重程度在不久的将来会增加。豆类对DS表现出很高的敏感性,尤其是在植物和生殖阶段。它们大多生长在干旱地区,中等耐旱性,但严重的DS导致显著的生产损失。DS最突出的影响是发芽减少,发育迟缓,对光合装置的严重损害,净光合作用减少,和营养吸收的减少。为了遏制豆科植物中DS的灾难性影响,必须了解它的影响,机制,以及干旱可持续管理的农艺和遗传基础。这篇综述强调了DS对豆类的影响,机制,并提出相应的管理方法来缓解水资源紧张的严重程度。在我们的讨论中,我们概述了水分胁迫对生理方面的影响(如发芽,光合作用,水和养分吸收),生长参数和产量。此外,机制,各种管理策略,例如,农艺实践(种植时间和几何形状,营养素管理),植物生长促进根瘤菌和丛枝菌根真菌接种,数量性状基因座(QTL),功能基因组学和高级策略(CRISPR-Cas9)也被严格讨论。我们建议需要整合多种方法,例如农艺和生物技术策略以及先进的基因组编辑工具,以开发耐旱的豆类品种。
Climate change, food shortage, water scarcity, and population growth are some of the threatening challenges being faced in today\'s world. Drought stress (DS) poses a constant challenge for agricultural crops and has been considered a severe constraint for global agricultural productivity; its intensity and severity are predicted to increase in the near future. Legumes demonstrate high sensitivity to DS, especially at vegetative and reproductive stages. They are mostly grown in the dry areas and are moderately drought tolerant, but severe DS leads to remarkable production losses. The most prominent effects of DS are reduced germination, stunted growth, serious damage to the photosynthetic apparatus, decrease in net photosynthesis, and a reduction in nutrient uptake. To curb the catastrophic effect of DS in legumes, it is imperative to understand its effects, mechanisms, and the agronomic and genetic basis of drought for sustainable management. This
review highlights the impact of DS on legumes, mechanisms, and proposes appropriate management approaches to alleviate the severity of water stress. In our discussion, we outline the influence of water stress on physiological aspects (such as germination, photosynthesis, water and nutrient uptake), growth parameters and yield. Additionally, mechanisms, various management strategies, for instance, agronomic practices (planting time and geometry, nutrient management), plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation, quantitative trait loci (
QTLs), functional genomics and advanced strategies (CRISPR-Cas9) are also critically discussed. We propose that the integration of several approaches such as agronomic and biotechnological strategies as well as advanced genome editing tools is needed to develop drought-tolerant legume cultivars.