OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between adherence to dietary guidelines and the risk of developing RA.
METHODS: Participants in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS) cohort diagnosed with RA were identified through register linkage and validated in a structured review. Four controls per case were selected, matched for sex, year of birth, and year of inclusion in the MDCS. Diet was assessed at baseline (1991-1996) using a validated diet history method. A Diet Quality Index (DQI) based on adherence to the Swedish dietary guidelines including intakes of fibre, vegetables and fruits, fish and shellfish, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, and sucrose, was used. The associations between the DQI and its components and the risk of RA were assessed using conditional logistic regression analysis, adjusting for total energy intake, smoking, leisure time physical activity and alcohol consumption.
RESULTS: We identified 172 validated cases of incident RA in the cohort. Overall adherence to the dietary guidelines was not associated with the risk of RA. Adherence to recommended fibre intake was associated with decreased risk of RA in crude and multivariable-adjusted analyses, with odds ratios (ORs) 0.60 (95% CI 0.39, 0.93) and 0.51 (95% CI 0.29, 0.90), respectively, compared with subjects with non-adherence.
CONCLUSIONS: Reaching the recommended intake level of dietary fibre, but not overall diet quality, was independently associated with decreased risk of RA. Further studies are needed to assess the role of different food sources of dietary fibre in relation to risk of RA and the underlying mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to find out the extent to which the antiretroviral therapy (ART) switching guidelines were complied with; and to assess whether immediate switching from first- to second- line ART would have been appropriate than attempting to comply with the guidelines.
UNASSIGNED: A case-control study. Cases and controls were patients on second- and first- line ART, respectively. Regression analysis was used identify factors that were associated with switching to second-line ART. Confidence level was 95% and significance at a p-value <0.05.
UNASSIGNED: 81 cases and 102 controls were included. VLs at six and nine months were implemented for 8.2% and 2.7%, respectively. Switching predictors were poor adherence (adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR] = 20.3 (p=0.013); a first VL >1000 copies/ml (aHR = 20.2), <0.001); opportunistic infections (aHR = 12.9, p=0.006); male gender (aHR = 5.2, p=0.003); and lack of adherence counselling (aHR = 3.8 p=0.024).
UNASSIGNED: A VL >1000 copies/ml was a predictor of switching. New local research is underway, with a large number of patients, to assess whether this finding applies to the dolutegravir-based regimens.