脱水对来自浆料/液体基质的食品粉末的不断增长的市场的贡献是不可避免的。为了克服传统干燥技术带来的挑战,出现了几种创新方法。然而,由于有关目标产品最适合的干燥技术的信息不足,因此工业实施受到限制。因此,这篇综述旨在比较各种常规和新兴的脱水技术(如主动冷冻,超临界,搅拌薄膜,和涡流室干燥)基于它们的基本原理,潜在的应用,和限制。此外,本文综述了干燥技术对孔隙率的影响,这极大地影响了溶解度,补液,和粉末的稳定性。不同干燥技术之间的比较可以在选择合适的干燥技术时做出明智的决策。发现主动冷冻干燥可有效生产自由流动的粉末,不同于传统的冷冻干燥。涡流室干燥可以被认为是喷雾干燥的可行替代方案,需要一个紧凑的腔比大塔需要喷雾干燥。冻干,喷雾冷冻干燥,泡沫垫干燥的粉末比喷雾干燥的粉末具有更高的孔隙率,而超临界干燥产生纳米多孔互连粉末。值得注意的是,几个因素,如玻璃化转变温度,干燥技术,颗粒聚集,团聚,和烧结影响粉末孔隙率。然而,一些粘合剂,如麦芽糊精,蔗糖,还有乳糖,可用于控制团聚,以提高粉末的孔隙率。需要进一步研究新兴技术对粉末性能的影响及其商业可行性,以发现它们在液体干燥中的潜力。此外,利用清洁标签干燥成分,如膳食纤维,来自农业废物,提供了有希望的机会。
The contribution of dehydration to the growing market of food
powders from slurry/liquid matrices is inevitable. To overcome the challenges posed by conventional drying technologies, several innovative approaches have emerged. However, industrial implementation is limited due to insufficient information on the best-suited drying technologies for targeted products. Therefore, this
review aimed to compare various conventional and emerging dehydration technologies (such as active freeze, supercritical, agitated thin-film, and vortex chamber drying) based on their fundamental principles, potential applications, and limitations. Additionally, this article reviewed the effects of drying technologies on porosity, which greatly influence the solubility, rehydration, and stability of powder. The comparison between different drying technologies enables informed decision-making in selecting the appropriate one. It was found that active freeze drying is effective in producing free-flowing
powders, unlike conventional freeze drying. Vortex chamber drying could be considered a viable alternative to spray drying, requiring a compact chamber than the large tower needed for spray drying. Freeze-dried, spray freeze-dried, and foam mat-dried
powders exhibit higher porosity than spray-dried ones, whereas supercritical drying produces nano-porous interconnected
powders. Notably, several factors like glass transition temperature, drying technologies, particle aggregation, agglomeration, and sintering impact powder porosity. However, some binders, such as maltodextrin, sucrose, and lactose, could be applied in controlled agglomeration to enhance powder porosity. Further investigation on the effect of emerging technologies on powder properties and their commercial feasibility is required to discover their potential in liquid drying. Moreover, utilizing clean-label drying ingredients like dietary fibers, derived from agricultural waste, presents promising opportunities.