OBJECTIVE: Crowe IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a catastrophic hip disease. Moreover, obtaining ideal clinical efficacy in conventional total hip arthroplasty (THA) is often difficult. In this study, we aimed to assess the mid-term clinical results of THA with porous tantalum trabecular metal (TM) pads for acetabular reconstruction in the treatment of Crowe IV DDH.
METHODS: A cohort of 28 patients (32 hips) diagnosed with Crowe type IV DDH who underwent acetabular reconstruction during THA using TM pads with scheduled follow-up between 2011 and 2018, were included in this study. Eight cases were men and 24 were women, with a mean age of 48.4 years (range, 36-72 years) and a mean follow-up was 74.3 months (range, 42-132 months). All patients underwent acetabular reconstruction using TM pads and total hip replacement with subtrochanteric osteotomy.
RESULTS: At the final follow-up, 28 hips (87.5%) demonstrated mild or no postoperative limping. The Harris Hip Score improved from 58.4 ± 10.6 preoperatively to 85.6 ± 8.9. The mean pain, stiffness, and function scores on the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis index were 86.5 ± 10.2, 87.3 ± 12.4 and 85.4 ± 11.6 respectively. The mean score of patient satisfaction was 90.4 ± 7.6. Additionally, the SF-12 physical summary score was 41.8 ± 5.6 and the SF-12 mental summary score was 51.6 ± 5.4. TM construct survivorship due to all-cause failure was 90.6% at 5 years with 3 hips at risk, 87.5% at 10 years with 4 hips at risk. The survivorship due to failure from aseptic loosening was 96.9% at 5 years with 1hips at risk and 93.75% at 10 years with 2 hips at risk.
CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated satisfactory mid-term clinical and radiological results with the application of TM pads for acetabular reconstruction combined with THA in patients with Crowe IV DDH.
BACKGROUND: ChiCTR1800014526, Date: 18/01/2018.

Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) is widely used because it can be used to control the shape of porous scaffolds precisely by formula. In this paper, an I-wrapped package (I-WP) type porous scaffolds were constructed. The finite element method was used to study the relationship between the wall thickness and period, the morphology and mechanical properties of the scaffolds, as well as to study the compression and fluid properties. It was found that the porosity of I-WP type scaffolds with different wall thicknesses (0.1 ~ 0.2 mm) and periods (I-WP 1 ~ I-WP 5) ranged from 68.01% ~ 96.48%, and the equivalent elastic modulus ranged from 0.655 ~ 18.602 GPa; the stress distribution of the scaffolds tended to be uniform with the increase of periods and wall thicknesses; the equivalent elastic modulus of the I-WP type scaffolds was basically unchanged after the topology optimization, and the permeability was improved by 52.3%. In conclusion, for the I-WP type scaffolds, the period parameter can be adjusted first, then the wall thickness parameter can be controlled. Topology optimization can be combined to meet the design requirements. The I-WP scaffolds constructed in this paper have good mechanical properties and meet the requirements of repairing human bone tissue, which may provide a new choice for the design of artificial bone trabecular scaffolds.
三周期极小曲面（TPMS）可以通过公式精确地控制多孔支架的形态而被广泛应用。本文构建一种I型包装（I-WP）型多孔支架，采用有限元法研究壁厚和周期与支架形态和力学性能的关系，并进行压缩和流体性能的研究。研究发现，不同壁厚（0.1～0.2 mm）、不同周期（I-WP 1～I-WP 5）的I-WP型支架孔隙率在68.01%～96.48%范围内，等效弹性模量为0.655～18.602 GPa；随着周期和壁厚的增加，支架应力分布趋于均匀；拓扑优化后I-WP型支架等效弹性模量基本不变，渗透性提升52.3%。综上，对于I-WP型支架可以先调控周期参数，后调控壁厚参数，结合拓扑优化来达到设计要求。本文构建的I-WP型支架具有良好的力学性能，且满足修复人体骨组织的需求，为人工骨小梁支架的设计提供一种新选择。.

Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) components for orthopedic implants have historically been integrated into metal backings by direct-compression molding (DCM). However, metal backings are costly, stiffer than cortical bone, and may be associated with medical imaging distortion and metal release. Hybrid-manufactured DCM UHMWPE overmolded additively manufactured polyetheretherketone (PEEK) structural components could offer an alternative solution, but are yet to be explored. In this study, five different porous topologies (grid, triangular, honeycomb, octahedral, and gyroid) and three surface feature sizes (low, medium, and high) were implemented into the top surface of digital cylindrical specimens prior to being 3D printed in PEEK and then overmolded with UHMWPE. Separation forces were recorded as 1.97-3.86 kN, therefore matching and bettering the historical industry values (2-3 kN) recorded for DCM UHMWPE metal components. Infill topology affected failure mechanism (Type 1 or 2) and obtained separation forces, with shapes having greater sidewall numbers (honeycomb-60%) and interconnectivity (gyroid-30%) through their builds, tolerating higher transmitted forces. Surface feature size also had an impact on applied load, whereby those with low infill-%s generally recorded lower levels of performance vs. medium and high infill strategies. These preliminary findings suggest that hybrid-manufactured structural composites could replace metal backings and produce orthopedic implants with high-performing polymer-polymer interfaces.

This split-mouth blinded randomized controlled study compared the efficacy of a desensitizing agent with oxalate/resin polymer and a universal adhesive containing mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) for dentin hypersensitivity (DH) relief, using Schiff sensitivity score (SSS) and visual analog scale (VAS). Split quadrants containing teeth with DH were treated with either MS Coat ONE or Hi-Bond Universal with MBG as the functional additive. Assessments at baseline, immediately post-application, and at 1- and 2-week follow-ups used standardized stimulus protocols (air, cold, and acid). The SSS difference was the primary outcome, while the VAS difference was the secondary outcome. A mixed linear effect model performed statistical analysis. Immediate DH reduction occurred in response to air stimuli, with a significant decrease in Group HB than in Group MS (p = 0.0178). Cold stimulus reduction exhibited a gradual cumulative effect, with consistently greater reductions in Group HB than in Group MS (p ≤ 0.0377). Both groups effectively managed acidic stimuli, with no significant differences (p > 0.05). The VAS scores decreased gradually over the follow-up period (p < 0.0001). This study highlights the differential efficacy of treatments for various DH triggers and recommends specific approaches based on different stimulus types. The universal adhesive containing MBG demonstrated DH relief potential, promising efficacy identical to or superior to that of a dedicated desensitizing agent. Further research exploring the long-term efficacy and underlying mechanisms is warranted. The universal adhesive containing MBG can be adopted as an in-office desensitizing agent for DH relief. The desensitizing efficacy of universal adhesive matches or surpasses dedicated agents for air and cold stimuli.

This study aimed to develop a novel Gelatin silver oxide material for releasing nitric oxide bionanocomposite wound dressing with enhanced mechanical, chemical, and antibacterial properties for the treatment of diabetic wounds. The gelatin- silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag2O-NP) bio nanocomposite was prepared using chitosan and gelatin polymers incorporated with silver oxide nanoparticles through the freeze-drying method. The samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Results showed that the Ag2O-NP nanoparticles increased porosity, decreased pore size, and improved elastic modulus. The Ag2O-NP wound dressing exhibited the most effective antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Among the samples, the wound dressing containing silver oxide nanoparticles demonstrated superior physical and mechanical properties, with 48% porosity, a tensile strength of 3.2 MPa, and an elastic modulus of 51.7 MPa. The fabricated wound dressings had a volume ratio of empty space to total volume ranging from 40% to 60%. In parallel, considering the complications of diabetes and its impact on the vascular system, another aspect of the research focused on developing a per2mediated wound dressing capable of releasing nitric oxide gas to regenerate damaged vessels and accelerate diabetic wound healing. Chitosan, a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer, was selected as the substrate for the wound dressing, and beta-glycerophosphate (GPβ), tripolyphosphate (TPP), and per2mediated alginate (AL) were used as crosslinkers. The chitosan-alginate (CS-AL) wound dressing exhibited optimal characteristics in terms of hole count and uniformity in the scanning electron microscope test. It also demonstrated superior water absorption (3854%) and minimal air permeability. Furthermore, the CS-AL sample exhibited an 80% degradation rate after 14 days, indicating its suitability as a wound dressing. The wound dressing was loaded with S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) powder, and the successful release of nitric oxide gas was confirmed through the grease test, showing a peak at a wavelength of 540 nm. Subsequent investigations revealed that the treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with high glucose led to a decrease in the expression of PER2 and SIRT1, while the expression of PER2 increased, which may subsequently enhance the expression of SIRT1 and promote cell proliferation activity. However, upon treatment of the cells with the modified materials, an increase in the expression of PER2 and SIRT1 was observed, resulting in a partial restoration of cell proliferative activity. This comprehensive study successfully developed per2-mediated bio-nanocomposite wound dressings with improved physical, mechanical, chemical, and antibacterial properties. The incorporation of silver oxide nanoparticles enhanced the antimicrobial activity, while the released nitric oxide gas from the dressing demonstrated the ability to mitigate vascular endothelial cell damage induced by high glucose levels. These advancements show promising potential for facilitating the healing process of diabetic wounds by addressing complications associated with diabetes and enhancing overall wound healing.

Leakage accidents of buried pipelines have become increasingly common due to the prolonged service of some pipelines which have been in use for more than 150 years. Therefore, there is an urgent need for accurate prediction of pollution scope to aid in the development of emergency remediation strategies. This study investigated the distribution of a light non-aqueous phase liquid in soils containing gas and water through numerical simulations and laboratory experiments. Firstly, a three-dimensional porous medium model was established using ANSYS FLUENT, and for the first time, the distribution of gas and groundwater in soil environments was simulated in the model. Subsequently, the distribution of the three phases of diesel, gas, and water in soil was studied with different leakage velocities and it was found that the leakage velocity played a significant role in the distribution. The areas of diesel in soils at 60 min were 0.112 m2, 0.194 m2, 0.217 m2, and 0.252 m2, with corresponding volumes of 0.028 m3, 0.070 m3, 0.086 m3, and 0.106 m3, respectively, for leakage velocities of 1.3 m/s, 3.4 m/s, 4.6 m/s, and 4.9 m/s. Calculation formulas for distribution areas and volumes were also developed to aid in future prevention and control strategies under different leakage velocities. The study also compared the distribution areas and volumes of diesel in soils with and without groundwater, and it was found that distribution scopes were larger in soils containing groundwater due to capillary force. In order to validate the accuracy of the numerical simulation, laboratory experiments were conducted to study the diffusion of oil, gas, and water under different leakage velocities. The results showed good agreement between the experiments and the simulations. The research findings are of great significance for preventing soil pollution and provide a theoretical basis for developing scientifically sound soil remediation strategies.

The article is devoted to investigation of energy-efficient moisture removal from capillary-porous materials. Moisture is removed by dispersion at collapse of cylindrical cavitation bubbles, formed by ultrasonic vibrations in the capillaries of the material. Mathematical model, which allowed to investigate the mechanism of moisture dispersion, has been developed. Necessity of realization of cavitation bubble full life cycle in capillary (slow growth, rapid expansion with deformation, collapse) was found. An optimal range of sound pressure levels from 150 dB (\"critical level\" at which dispersion of water from capillary starts) up to 170 dB (dispersion productivity growth stops due to cavitation bubbles reaching maximum size equal to diameter of capillary) was determined. It is shown that the size of the dewatered sample for maximum drying efficiency should correspond to the ultrasonic wavelength in air. Ultrasonic dispersion of liquid during drying was confirmed experimentally. It is found that for significant reduction of drying time (up to 50% and more) it is necessary to affect in the range of 165-170 dB. And the materials to be dried must be placed as particles or layers having dimensions or thicknesses corresponding to the length of the ultrasonic wave in air. The implementation of ultrasonic drying, on the example of food products (beets) provided a reduction in drying time of 1.9 times, while reducing energy costs by 1.7 times in comparison with convective drying.

Activated coke is a type of commonly used adsorbent for benzene series VOCs such as toluene, but traditional microporous activated coke usually faces the challenge of poor regeneration performance. Herein, based on self-made activated cokes with typical pore configuration, we found that adsorption and regeneration of toluene can be simultaneously enhanced by constructing hierarchical pore in activated coke. Correlations of pore configuration with toluene adsorption capacity and regeneration efficiency reveal that micropore contributes for strong toluene adsorption; meso-macropore provides mass transfer channel for toluene desorption and regeneration process. Hierarchical porous activated coke prepared from Zhundong subbituminous coal not only achieves the highest toluene adsorption capacity of 340.92 mg·g-1, but also can retain more than 90% of initial adsorption capacity after five adsorption-regeneration cycles. By contrast, micropore-dominant activated cokes can only retain 70% of initial adsorption capacity. Adsorption kinetic modelling on adsorption breakthrough curves shows that hierarchical porous activated coke prepared from Zhundong subbituminous coal exhibits high adsorption and diffusion rate constants of 14.39 and 33.45 min-1, respectively, much higher than those of micropore-dominant activated cokes. Due to the accelerated surface adsorption and diffusion processes induced by meso-macropore, toluene adsorption and regeneration behavior can be simultaneously improved. Results from this work validated the role of pore hierarchy in toluene adsorption-regeneration process, providing guidance for designing high-performance activated coke with synergistically improved toluene adsorption capacity and regeneration performance.

Over the last 20 years, flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGD gypsum) has become a valuable and widely used substitute for a natural raw material to produce plasters, mortars, and many other construction products. The essential advantages of FGD gypsum include its high purity and stability, which allow for better technical parameters compared to natural gypsum, and, until recently, its low price and easy availability. This FGD gypsum is obtained in the process of desulfurization of flue gases and waste gases in power plants, thermal power plants, refineries, etc., using fossil fuels such as coal or oil. The gradual reduction in energy production from fossil raw materials implemented by European Union countries until its complete cessation in 2049 in favor of renewable energy sources significantly affects the availability of synthetic gypsum, and forces producers of mortars and other construction products to look for new solutions. The gypsum content in commonly used light plaster mortars is usually from 50 to 60% by mass. This work presents the results of tests on mortars wherein the authors reduced the amount of gypsum to 30%, and, to meet the strength requirements specified in the EN 13279-1:2008 standard, added Portland cement in the amount of 6-12% by mass. Such a significant reduction in the content of synthetic gypsum will reduce this raw material\'s consumption, thus extending its availability and developing other solutions. The study presented the test results on strength, density, porosity, pore size distribution, and changes in the microstructure of mortars during up to 180 days of maturation in conditions of increased relative humidity. The results show that decreased porosity and increased mechanical strength occur due to the densification of the microstructure caused by the formation of hydration products, such as C-S-H, ettringite, and thaumasite.

Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. produces a lot of licorice waste after water extraction, which also retains abundant total flavonoids (TFs) and licochalcone A. However, licorice residue is often wasted due to the lack of good utilization of resources in practical applications. This study first screened the optimal membrane pore size and resin type and then explored the mechanism and conditions of the adsorption of TFs on the resin. Then, different combinations and sequences of membrane and macroporous resin (MR) methods were investigated. It was found that using the membrane method for initial purification, followed by the MR method for further purification, yielded the best purification results. Next, response surface methodology was utilized to investigate the resin\'s dynamic desorption conditions for TFs. Finally, the TF purity increased from 32.9% to 78.2% (2.38-fold) after purification by a combined membrane-MR process; the purity of licochalcone A increased from 11.63 mg·g-1 to 22.70 mg·g-1 (1.95-fold). This study verified the feasibility of enriching TFs and licochalcone A from licorice residue using a membrane-MR coupling method. In addition, a quality-control method was established using a fingerprinting method on the basis of ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) to ensure the stability of the enrichment process.