自1980年代以来,重金属污染治理日益受到关注。然而,大多数研究集中在土壤或水中重金属污染物的单独修复技术。考虑到这些污染物的潜在迁移,有必要探索有效的水土重金属综合修复技术。这篇综述彻底审查了非植物修复技术,如物理,化学,和微生物修复,以及涉及陆地和水生植物修复的绿色修复方法。非植物修复技术存在成本高昂等缺点,二次污染风险,和对环境因素的敏感性。相反,植物修复技术由于其可持续和环境友好的性质而获得了广泛的关注。通过螯合剂增强,生物炭,微生物,和基因工程已经证明了提高植物修复修复效率。然而,必须解决长期使用这些材料和技术可能带来的环境和生态风险。最后,本文概述了解决地下水-土壤-地表水系统中重金属污染的综合修复方法,并讨论了研究空白和未来方向的原因。本文为解决水和土壤中重金属污染的综合解决方案提供了宝贵的见解,促进综合整治和可持续发展。
Since the 1980s, there has been increasing concern over heavy metal
pollution remediation. However, most research focused on the individual remediation technologies for heavy metal pollutants in either soil or water. Considering the potential migration of these pollutants, it is necessary to explore effective integrated remediation technologies for soil and water heavy metals. This
review thoroughly examines non-phytoremediation technologies likes physical, chemical, and microbial remediation, as well as green remediation approaches involving terrestrial and aquatic phytoremediation. Non-phytoremediation technologies suffer from disadvantages like high costs, secondary
pollution risks, and susceptibility to environmental factors. Conversely, phytoremediation technologies have gained significant attention due to their sustainable and environmentally friendly nature. Enhancements through chelating agents, biochar, microorganisms, and genetic engineering have demonstrated improved phytoremediation remediation efficiency. However, it is essential to address the environmental and ecological risks that may arise from the prolonged utilization of these materials and technologies. Lastly, this paper presents an overview of integrated remediation approaches for addressing heavy metal contamination in groundwater-soil-surface water systems and discusses the reasons for the research gaps and future directions. This paper offers valuable insights for comprehensive solutions to heavy metal
pollution in water and soil, promoting integrated remediation and sustainable development.