寡核苷酸有许多重要的应用,包括聚合酶链反应中的引物和DNA测序探针。它们被提议作为反义治疗中的各种疾病和治疗剂的诊断和预后工具。因此,有必要开发液相色谱和固相萃取方法来分离寡核苷酸并将其从生物样品中分离出来。关于使用分离技术或样品制备来分离这些化合物的测定,已经撰写了许多评论。然而,据推测,没有文章严格审查液相色谱或固相萃取中使用的吸附剂。本出版物回顾了过去二十年来与载体相关的文献(二氧化硅,聚合物,磁性纳米粒子)及其修饰。讨论的问题涉及反相(烷基,芳香,胆固醇,混合配体),离子交换(强和弱),极性(二氧化硅,多羟基,酰胺,两性离子),和基于寡核苷酸的吸附剂。
Oligonucleotides have many important applications, including as primers in polymerase chain reactions and probes for DNA sequencing. They are proposed as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for various diseases and therapeutics in antisense therapy. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop liquid chromatography and solid phase extraction methods to separate oligonucleotides and isolate them from biological samples. Many reviews have been written about the determination of these compounds using the separation technique or sample preparation for their isolation. However, presumably, there are no articles that critically
review the adsorbents used in liquid chromatography or solid phase extraction. The present publication reviews the literature from the last twenty years related to supports (silica, polymers, magnetic nanoparticles) and their modifications. The discussed issues concern reversed phase (alkyl, aromatic, cholesterol, mixed ligands), ion-exchange (strong and weak ones),
polar (silica, polyhydroxy, amide, zwitterionic), and oligonucleotide-based adsorbents.