合成卡西酮出现在新型精神活性物质(NPS)药物市场上,作为受控兴奋剂和内吞剂的替代品,例如甲基苯丙胺和3,4-亚甲基二氧基甲基苯丙胺(MDMA)。大多数合成卡西酮可以分为两类:β-酮苯丙胺(即,带有后缀“drone”的NPS)和β-酮亚甲二氧基苯丙胺(即,带有后缀\"lone\"的NPS)。尽管已经发现了大量的β-酮苯丙胺,β-酮亚甲基二氧基苯丙胺主导了NPS市场,包括甲基酮等著名药物,丁基酮,N-乙基戊酮eutylone,现在N,N-二甲基戊酮。N,N-二甲基戊酮,也称为二戊酮或bk-DMBDP,在伊特隆受国际管制的两个月内(2021年9月)出现在非法药物供应中。开发了一种新的标准添加方法,并对N,N-二甲基戊酮,戊酮,和Eutylone,使用本手稿中描述的方法对18例尸检病例进行了定量。N的最终血液浓度范围,在这种情况下,N-二甲基戊酮系列为3.3至970ng/mL(中位数:145ng/mL,平均:277±283ng/mL)。戊酮,N的代谢产物,N-二甲基戊酮,在所有情况下都检测到(范围:1.3-420ng/mL,中位数:31ng/mL,平均值:88±127ng/mL)。由于N的标识增加,尸检中的N-二甲基戊酮以及N的潜在误认,N-二甲基戊酮为N-乙基戊酮,测试戊酮阳性的样品应另外确认N的存在,N-二甲基戊酮。根据新合成卡西酮的先前趋势,可以推测N,N-二甲基戊酮可能在未来一到两年内主导美国合成兴奋剂市场,然而,鉴于出现了更多密切相关的异构化合物,重要的是利用能够区分N的方法,来自其异构体的N-二甲基戊酮(N-异丙基丁酮,N-乙基戊酮,N-乙基N-甲基丁酮,己酮,正丙基丁酮,二乙酮,和tertylone)。
Synthetic cathinones emerged on the novel psychoactive substance (
NPS) drug market as alternatives to controlled stimulants and entactogens such as methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine. The majority of synthetic cathinones can be subclassified into two groups: beta-keto amphetamines (i.e.,
NPS with the suffix \"drone\") and beta-keto methylenedioxyamphetamines (i.e.,
NPS with the suffix \"lone\"). Although a significant number of beta-keto amphetamines have been identified, beta-keto methylenedioxyamphetamines have dominated the
NPS market, including notable drugs like methylone, butylone, N-ethyl pentylone (ephylone), eutylone and now N,N-dimethylpentylone. N,N-Dimethylpentylone, also known as dipentylone or beta-keto-dimethylbenzodioxolylpentanamine, emerged into the illicit drug supply <2 months of the international control of eutylone (September 2021). A novel standard addition method was developed and validated for N,N-dimethylpentylone, pentylone and eutylone, and 18 postmortem cases were quantitated using the method described in this manuscript. The resulting blood concentration range for N,N-dimethylpentylone in this
case series was 3.3 to 970 ng/mL (median: 145 ng/mL, mean: 277 ± 283 ng/mL). Pentylone, a metabolite of N,N-dimethylpentylone, was detected in all cases (range: 1.3-420 ng/mL, median: 31 ng/mL and mean: 88 ± 127 ng/mL). Due to the rise in identifications of N,N-dimethylpentylone in postmortem investigations as well as the potential misidentification of N,N-dimethylpentylone as N-ethyl pentylone, samples testing positive for pentylone should be additionally confirmed for the presence of N,N-dimethylpentylone. Based on prior trends of new synthetic cathinones, it can be theorized that N,N-dimethylpentylone may predominate the US synthetic stimulant market for the next 1-2 years; however, given the emergence of additional closely related isomeric compounds, it is important to utilize methodology capable of differentiating N,N-dimethylpentylone from its isomers (N-isopropylbutylone, N-ethyl pentylone, N-ethyl N-methyl butylone, hexylone, N-propylbutylone, diethylone and tertylone).