Endothelial keratoplasty (EK) is an effective therapy for corneal endothelial diseases and mainly includes Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty. Compared with penetrating keratoplasty, EK has better vision rehabilitation and a lower rate of allograft rejection after surgery. However, EK poses a series of technical challenges, and varied complications may occur intraoperatively and postoperatively. A successful EK surgery depends on the standardized technical manipulations and the management of surgical complications. In order to standardize the surgical procedure of EK in China, the Cornea Group of Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association has made a comprehensive discussion about indications of surgery, preoperative evaluation, surgical manipulations, and the management of complications based on the literature available thus far and clinical practice in China, and eventually established this consensus, which may guide corneal surgeons in performing the EK surgery.
角膜内皮移植术是治疗角膜内皮疾病的重要方法，主要分为角膜后弹力层剥除内皮移植术和角膜后弹力层内皮移植术。与穿透性角膜移植术比较，角膜内皮移植术的术后视力好，免疫排斥反应发生率低，但手术技术和过程较为复杂，术中和术后并发症有所不同。角膜内皮移植术的成功关键在于掌握手术的基本要素并预防并发症。为在我国规范开展和推广角膜内皮移植术，中华医学会眼科学分会角膜病学组以国内外研究结果和临床实践经验为基础，围绕角膜内皮移植术的适应证、术前评估、手术技术和操作、术后并发症处理和随访等进行充分讨论，达成共识性意见，以期为临床工作提供指导和参考。.

Corneal perforations in eyes with dry eye disease (DED) are difficult to manage due to the interplay of several factors such as the unstable tear film, surface inflammation, and the underlying systemic disease affecting the wound healing process, and the eventual outcome. A careful preoperative examination is required to identify the underlying pathology, and status of ocular surface and adnexa, rule out microbial keratitis, and order appropriate systemic workup in addition to assessing the perforation itself. Several surgical options are available, which include tissue adhesives, multilayered amniotic membrane grafting (AMT), tenon patch graft (TPG), corneal patch graft (CPG), and penetrating keratoplasty (PK). The choice of procedure depends upon the size, location, and configuration of the perforation. In eyes with smaller perforations, tissue adhesives are effective treatment modalities, whereas AMT, TPG, and CPG are viable options in moderate-sized perforations. AMT and TPG are also preferable in cases where the placement of a bandage contact lens may be a challenge. Large perforations require a PK, with additional procedures such as tarsorrhaphy to protect the eyes from the associated epithelial healing issues. Conjunctival flaps are considered in eyes with poor visual potential. The management of the acute condition is carried out in conjunction with measures to improve the tear volume bearing in mind the chances of delayed epithelialization and re-perforation in these cases. Administration of topical and systemic immunosuppression, when indicated, helps improve the outcome. This review aims to facilitate clinicians in instituting a synchronized multifaceted therapy for the successful management of corneal perforations in the setting of DED.

Pediatric keratoplasty is a highly challenging and demanding procedure in children because of various intraoperative morphologic and functional factors and postoperative complications. However, it remains the only way to promote visual development and to avoid corneal blindness in infants and children with corneal opacities. Corneal transplantation in children is different from that in adults in many aspects, such as surgical techniques and clinical evaluation. Besides, it poses more emphases on the perioperative management and the long-term follow-up, because children are less cooperative when examined and are not readily complaining about symptoms. This article is aimed to provide a consensus concerning the indications, preoperative evaluation, surgical procedures and postoperative management regarding pediatric keratoplasty. The consensus, which is based on the results from discussions and consultations among domestic leading researchers and experts with extensive experiences in the related areas, targets to standardize the procedure of pediatric keratoplasty in clinical practice, to minimize the risk of graft failure and to achieve promising outcomes.
儿童角膜移植手术是角膜混浊患儿复明的唯一方法。由于儿童眼部解剖结构和生理发育具有特殊性，故其角膜移植手术的流程和操作，尤其围手术期和术后长期的管理，与成人患者有诸多不同。为了临床规范开展儿童角膜移植手术，提高手术的成功率和远期预后，中华医学会眼科学分会角膜病学组汇集本领域相关专家，参考国内外临床实践经验，结合循证医学证据，在儿童角膜移植手术的适应证、围手术期管理、操作规范及并发症处理等方面形成共识性意见，以供临床眼科医师在相关工作中参考。.