BACKGROUND: Vascular malformations (VMs) arise as a result of errors in the process of angiogenesis and are usually present at birth, but may not become apparent until after birth. However, giant VMs of the head and face are uncommon, with few reported cases, and the prognosis for their surgical intervention is unclear.
METHODS: A 12-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital with findings of an enlarged right temporal scalp. After admission, computed tomography (CT) angiography of cerebral ateries showed a right occlusal gap and a right temporal artery venous malformation. Furthermore, cerebral angiography showed a right temporal lobe VM with multiple vessels supplying blood. The patient underwent surgery to remove the malformed vessels and the eroded skull. Two hours after the surgery, the patient\'s right pupil was dilated, and an urgent CT scan of the skull showed a right subdural haematoma under the incision, which was urgently removed by a second operation. After surgery, we gave continuous antibiotic anti-infection treatment, and the patient recovered well and was discharged two weeks later.
CONCLUSIONS: Surgical removal of giant haemangiomas is risky and adequate preoperative (including interventional embolisation) and intraoperative preparations should be made.

先天性肝内门体分流是一种极为罕见的血管畸形，其异常分流道连接肝内门静脉与肝静脉或下腔静脉，导致部分血液绕过肝脏直接进入体循环从而引发高氨血症、高半乳糖血症等，严重者并发肝肺综合征、肺动脉高压、肝性脑病，治疗较为棘手。现报道1例以肝肺综合征为首发表现的先天性肝内门体分流V型患儿，应用Amplatzer血管塞Ⅱ型成功介入栓塞的案例，术后1d复查血氨降至正常，术后6个月患儿缺氧症状消失，临床指标改善。以期加深对该病的认识，提示介入治疗可作为部分患儿的首选治疗方案。.

暂无摘要。

UNASSIGNED: Interventional embolization is a common treatment for hemoptysis, one of the complications of lung cancer. However, there are no official guidelines for the use of this method in antitumor therapy.
UNASSIGNED: Herein, we describe a case of a patient who was pathologically diagnosed as central squamous cell lung cancer. The patient received chemotherapy, interventional embolization and radiotherapy successively. The tumor regressed rapidly within 48 hours of receipt of interventional embolization. Furthermore, the tumor decreased by more than 50% in size within 7 days during radiotherapy. Unfortunately, the patient has since developed lymph node metastases and remains under treatment.
UNASSIGNED: Thus, finding the suitable blood vessel embolized may be a suitable option to reduce the local tumor load and can be considered as antitumor therapy in combination with other treatments. The patient\'s theoretical hypoxia state after interventional therapy still produced a good tumor regression after radiotherapy. However, so far, no related studies have reported the changes of tumor immune microenvironment in human body after intervention and radiotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided transluminal drainage is an advanced technique used to treat pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs). However, gastric varices and intervening vessels may be associated with a high risk of bleeding and are, therefore, listed as relative contraindications. Herein, we report two patients who underwent interventional embolization before EUS-guided drainage.
METHODS: Two 32-year-old males developed symptomatic PFCs after acute pancreatitis and came to our hospital for further treatment. One patient suffered from intermittent abdominal pain and vomiting, and computed tomography (CT) imaging showed an encapsulated cyst 7.93 cm × 6.13 cm in size. The other patient complained of a mass inside the abdomen, which gradually became enlarged. Gastric varices around the ideal puncture site were detected by EUS when we evaluated the possibility of endoscopic drainage in both patients. Interventional embolization was recommended as the first procedure to decrease the risk of bleeding. After that, EUS-guided transluminal drainage was successfully conducted, without vascular rupture. No postoperative complications occurred during hospitalization, and no recurrence was detected at the last follow-up CT scan performed at 1 mo.
CONCLUSIONS: Interventional embolization is a safe, preoperative procedure that is performed before EUS-guided drainage in PFC patients with gastric varices or at high risk of bleeding.

暂无摘要。

BACKGROUND: Solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) of the pancreas is a rare pancreatic tumor and 10% to 15% of cases are associated with metastasis. Cryoablation is a new method that can induce tumor necrosis, and treatment of tumors by cryoablation can cause anti-tumor immune responses.
METHODS: A 16-year-old woman with SPT of the pancreas developed liver metastases 5.3 years after complete resection of the primary pancreatic tumor. She was admitted with chief complaints of abdominal pain in the upper abdomen and a weight loss of approximately 5 kg over 4 mo. Carbohydrate antigen (CA) 125, carcinoembryonic antigen, and CA 199 were normal. An abdominal computed tomography scan found multiple nodules in the right lobe of the liver that measured approximately 13.5 cm × 10.8 cm × 21.4 cm. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that CD10 and CD56 were positive, and the patient was diagnosed with SPT of the pancreas with liver metastasis. The patient underwent percutaneous cryoablation and interventional embolization. During the 5-year follow-up, the patient remained disease-free after cryoablation, with relatively normal immune function.
CONCLUSIONS: Herein, we for the first time report the treatment of liver metastasis from SPT of the pancreas using cryoablation plus interventional embolization, which could be a promising alternative therapy for pancreatic SPT liver metastasis.

BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment for large carotid body tumor (CBT), particularly the Shamblin III type, is challenging and rarely reported.
METHODS: In July 2014, a 63-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a large CBT (130 mm × 60 mm × 70 mm). The lesion was hypervascular, spanned from the first to the seventh cervical vertebra, and adhered to the right common carotid artery (CCA), internal carotid artery (ICA) and external carotid artery (ECA). The resection was carried out in a hybrid operating theatre. First, we used Onyx gel to embolize the feeding artery. An ICA balloon was used to prevent gel entry into the ICA. After shrinkage and hardening of the CBT, we quickly resected the CBT as well as a part of the ECA that adhered to the CBT. A vascular shunt was inserted between CCA and ICA, and the part where the ICA was cut off from the CCA was directly sutured. A follow-up at four years later showed no neurological damage.
CONCLUSIONS: For large hypervascular CBT, embolization of the feeding artery prior to resection is helpful. The hybrid operating theatre is the ideal platform to carry out such operations.

BACKGROUND: Inferior mesenteric arterioportal fistula (APF) is rare as only 35 case reports in the literature. We herein presented a case of simultaneously double cancer in the rectum and stomach with inferior mesenteric APF, which is the first case report by searching using PubMed. Combination of interventional embolization and surgical operation seemed to be optimal treatment for avoiding postoperative complications and the curability.
METHODS: A 66-year-old male with epigastric pain was admitted to a practitioner. He underwent a gastroscopy with biopsy, and cancer located in the lesser curvature of the gastric cardia was found. Enhanced CT did not reveal wall thickening of the stomach and distant metastases, but several swollen lymph nodes were observed in the right cardia. In the arterial phase, dilation of inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) and superior rectal artery (SRA) were noted, which raised suspicions of an arterioportal communication. Colonoscopy revealed a type 2 rectal tumor located 12 cm from the anal verge. The histological diagnosis of well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma was confirmed by biopsy. At a first step, we planned to perform a radiological embolization of inflow vessels to APFs except for SRA. Additionally, we determined the interval time of 1 month between the first low anterior rectal resection and the sequential gastrectomy for the purpose of decreasing portal pressure. The postoperative course was uneventful without hemorrhagic complications, and S-1 was taken internally 1 year as adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer. The patient still lives without recurrence of this cancer with APF and portal vein thrombosis 2.5 years after the aforementioned surgeries.
CONCLUSIONS: Inferior mesenteric APF and/or arteriovenous fistula (AVF) would be consisted of the several inflow arteries as superior rectal, internal iliac, and median sacral arteries, and outflow veins as inferior mesenteric, internal iliac, and median sacral veins. To determine the therapeutic strategy for left-sided colorectal cancers with abnormal vessel communications of the pelvis, it is significant to comprehend distribution and component vessels of APF and/or AVF.