BACKGROUND: This study describes a unique two-week simulation-based medical education (SBME) rotation for transitional year (TY) residents. During the rotation, residents are fully integrated into the simulation team, actively participating in clinically based interprofessional scenarios, procedural techniques, and mixed reality experiences. Residents also created and ran their own simulations while receiving content expert feedback. We evaluated the rotation\'s effectiveness in preparing TY graduates for their specific advanced residency track.
METHODS: A retrospective survey evaluated the experiences of 11 TY residents who participated in a unique two-week simulation rotation. The survey assessed residents\' perceptions of the program\'s value and skill development, course design, scenario relevance to future practice, and preparedness to develop future scenarios.
RESULTS: Residents (11 out of 12 residents, 92% response rate) overwhelmingly endorsed the simulation rotation (100% positive, 45.45% extremely valuable). The program demonstrably improved core clinical skills (100% reported improvement) and fostered self-efficacy for future practice. Scenario relevance was high (81.82% highly relevant). Collaboration and communication skills showed promise (72.73% positive) while highlighting a potential area for future refinement. Residents unanimously agreed on effective time allocation and the program\'s value for debriefing skills. Notably, 91% strongly supported residency-specific simulation training.
CONCLUSIONS: The two-week simulation was perceived by prior TY residents as valuable, with a majority finding the experience highly valuable across multiple survey questions. Residents overwhelmingly expressed a preference for residency-specific training, suggesting future development of specialty-tailored modules and enhanced debriefing sessions. The findings highlight the program\'s effectiveness and successful implementation into a TY residency curriculum.

Disaster nursing plays a vital role in addressing the health needs of vulnerable populations affected by large scale emergencies. However, disaster nursing faces numerous challenges, including preparedness, logistics, education, ethics, recovery and legalities. To enhance healthcare system effectiveness during crises, it is essential to overcome these issues. This umbrella review, conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology, synthesizes data from 24 studies to identify key strategies for improving disaster nursing. The review highlights nine key themes: Education and Training, Research and Development, Policy and Organizational Support, Technological Advancements, Psychological Preparedness and Support, Assessment and Evaluation, Role-Specific Preparedness, Interprofessional Collaboration and Cultural Competence, and Ethics and Decision-Making. The review emphasizes the importance of education, technological advancements, psychological support, and interprofessional collaboration in bolstering disaster nursing preparedness and response efforts. These elements are crucial for enhancing patient outcomes during emergencies and contributing to a more resilient healthcare system. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the various aspects essential for enhancing disaster nursing. By implementing evidence-based strategies within these nine themes, the nursing profession can enhance its capacity to effectively manage and respond to the complex needs of disaster-affected populations, ultimately improving patient care and outcomes during emergencies.

Integrated regulations for medical and nursing care in long-term care: qualitative results of the process evaluation: Innovative form of care in long-term care Abstract: Background: Long-term care patients, most of whom suffer from multimorbidity, are dependent on appropriate medical and nursing care. Inadequate interdisciplinary cooperation structures and processes pose a challenge for nursing care when residents\' conditions deteriorate and can lead to hospital admissions that could potentially be avoided. Objective: Structures and processes of interdisciplinary cooperation were developed and implemented as part of the SaarPHIR innovation fund project \"Saarländische PflegeHeim Versorgung Integriert Regelhaft\". The aims of the qualitative part of the process evaluation were the subjective assessment of the structural and process level of the complex intervention across all project phases from the perspective of the participants as well as an analysis of the context factors. Method: Qualitative interviews were conducted with all participating facilities and the medical care communities formed as part of the project in order to record the subjective experiences gained in the implementation and impact of the complex intervention. The data analysis was carried out using qualitative content analysis. Results: Both professional groups perceive a structural organizational change that has a positive effect on interdisciplinary cooperation. The benefits in terms of care are rated as high. Conclusion: Various measures (e.g. pre-weekend ward rounds, extended on-call duty) at the structural and process level should be retained when transferring to standard care.
Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Die zumeist von Multimorbidität betroffenen Pflegebedürftigen in der Langzeitpflege sind auf eine angemessene medizinisch-pflegerische Versorgung angewiesen. Unzureichende interdisziplinäre Kooperationsstrukturen und -prozesse stellen bei Zustandsverschlechterung von Bewohner_innen für die Pflege eine Herausforderung dar und können zu Krankenhauseinweisungen führen, die potenziell vermeidbar wären. Ziel: Im Rahmen des Innovationsfonds-Projektes SaarPHIR „Saarländische PflegeHeim Versorgung Integriert Regelhaft“ wurden Strukturen und Prozesse der interdisziplinären Kooperation entwickelt und umgesetzt. Ziele des qualitativen Teils der Prozessevaluation waren die subjektive Bewertung der Struktur- und Prozessebene der komplexen Intervention über alle Projektphasen aus Sicht der Beteiligten sowie eine Analyse der Kontextfaktoren. Methode: Zur Erfassung der subjektiven Erfahrungen in Durchführung und Auswirkung der komplexen Intervention wurden qualitative Befragungen mit allen teilnehmenden Einrichtungen und den im Rahmen des Projektes gebildeten ärztlichen Versorgergemeinschaften durchgeführt. Die Datenanalyse erfolgte mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse. Ergebnisse: Beide Berufsgruppen nehmen einen strukturellen Organisationswandel wahr, der sich positiv auf die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit auswirkt. Der Nutzen hinsichtlich der Versorgung wird als hoch bewertet. Schlussfolgerung: Verschiedene Maßnahmen (z.B. Vor-Wochenend-Visite, erweiterte Rufbereitschaft) auf der Struktur- und Prozessebene sollten bei Überführung in die Regelversorgung beibehalten werden.

BACKGROUND: Polypharmacy and the resulting problems lead to considerable consequences for those affected. There are also considerable problems with the medication management.
OBJECTIVE: Which interventions and programs for optimizing the supply of medication are available for nursing homes and which implementation problems can be expected?
METHODS: A literature search was carried out for interventional studies in nursing homes in Germany, with a focus on improving medication safety.
RESULTS: A total of six programs were identified for which evaluation results are available. Despite a mostly multimodal approach with several pillars of intervention (e.g., medication reviews, further education and training, development of aids), the results are largely disappointing. The effects on the number of prescriptions in general, specific medication groups or outcome parameters such as hospital admissions could only be shown in one study, whereby, selection bias could also be at least partly responsible for this. Interdisciplinary collaboration and the implementation of medication recommendations formulated in reviews by the responsible physicians are the main problem areas. At the same time, too little attention is paid to the central role of nurses in the entire process and they are not actively promoted enough. This could be one of the reasons for the difficulties in implementation in practice.
CONCLUSIONS: There are nearly no significant changes as a result of the interventions implemented in the studies reviewed. In particular, interprofessional cooperation, especially the skills of nurses and the reluctance on the part of physicians, should probably be given more attention.
UNASSIGNED: HINTERGRUND: Polypharmazie und daraus resultierende Probleme führen zu erheblichen Belastungen bei den Betroffenen. Darüber hinaus lassen sich erhebliche Probleme bei der Medikamentenversorgung feststellen.
UNASSIGNED: Welche Interventionen und Programme zur Optimierung der Medikamentenversorgung liegen für die stationäre Langzeitpflege vor, und mit welchen Umsetzungsproblemen ist zu rechnen?
UNASSIGNED: Literaturrecherche zu Interventionsstudien, die in stationären Pflegeeinrichtungen in Deutschland durchgeführt wurden, mit dem Fokus auf der Optimierung der Medikamentenversorgung.
UNASSIGNED: Sechs Programme mit Evaluationsergebnissen konnten identifiziert werden. Obwohl der Ansatz meist multimodal ist und mehrere Interventionsbereiche umfasst, wie Medikamentenbewertungen, Fort- und Weiterbildung sowie die Entwicklung von Hilfsmitteln, sind die Ergebnisse größtenteils enttäuschend. Lediglich in einer Studie konnten signifikante Auswirkungen auf die Gesamtzahl der Verschreibungen, bestimmte Medikamentengruppen und Outcome-Parameter wie Krankenhauseinweisungen belegt werden, wobei hierfür ein Selektionsbias zumindest mitverantwortlich sein könnte. Die größten Schwierigkeiten bestehen in der Umsetzung interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit und der Anwendung der in Reviews formulierten Medikamentenempfehlungen durch die zuständigen Ärzt*innen. Gleichzeitig wird die zentrale Rolle der Pflegenden im Gesamtprozess zu wenig beachtet und aktiv gefördert, was ein weiterer Grund für die Schwierigkeiten bei der Umsetzung in der Praxis sein könnte.
UNASSIGNED: Es zeigen sich fast keine signifikanten Veränderungen als Folge der in den gesichteten Studien durchgeführten Interventionen. Vor allem die interprofessionelle Kooperation, speziell die Kompetenzen der Pflegenden und die Zurückhaltung aufseiten der Ärzt*innen, müssten hierbei vermutlich noch stärker in den Blick genommen werden.

BACKGROUND: In 2018, the Dutch government initiated the Solid Start program to provide each child with the best start in life. Key program elements are a biopsychosocial perspective on pregnancy and children\'s development and stimulating local collaborations between social and health domains, with a specific focus on (future) families in vulnerable situations. Two programs for interprofessional collaboration between maternity and social care professionals to optimize care for pregnant women in vulnerable situations were developed and implemented, in Groningen in 2017 and in South Limburg in 2021. This paper describes the extent of implementation of these programs and the perceptions of involved professionals about determinants that influence program implementation.
METHODS: We conducted a mixed-methods study in 2021 and 2022 in two Dutch regions, Groningen and South Limburg. Questionnaires were sent to primary care midwives, hospital-based midwives, obstetricians (i.e. maternity care professionals), (coordinating) youth health care nurses and social workers (i.e. social care professionals), involved in the execution of the programs. Semi-structured interviews were held with involved professionals to enrich the quantitative data. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed using Fleuren\'s implementation model.
RESULTS: The findings of the questionnaire (n = 60) and interviews (n = 28) indicate that professionals in both regions are generally positive about the implemented programs. However, there was limited knowledge and use of the program in Groningen. Promoting factors for implementation were mentioned on the determinants for the innovation and the user. Maternity care professionals prefer a general, conversational way to identify vulnerabilities that connects to midwives\' daily practice. Low-threshold, personal contact with clear agreements for referral and consultation between professionals contributes to implementation. Professionals agree that properly identifying vulnerabilities and referring women to appropriate care is an important task and contributes to better care. On the determinants of the organization, professionals indicate some preconditions for successful implementation, such as clearly described roles and responsibilities, interprofessional training, time and financial resources.
CONCLUSIONS: Areas for improvement for the implementation of interprofessional collaboration between maternity care and social care focus mainly on determinants of the organization, which should be addressed both regionally and nationally. In addition, sustainable implementation requires continuous awareness of influencing factors and a process of evaluation, adaptation and support of the target group.

BACKGROUND: Collaborative practice in primary health care increases care quality and security. In France, primary health care professionals increasingly work together. The link between general practitioners (GPs) and community pharmacists (CPs) is an important element. Nevertheless, effective collaboration between GPs and CPs is difficult to develop and formalize. Interprofessional education has been identified as a necessary step to prepare \"collaborative practice-ready professionals\". We aimed to identify the interprofessional training needs of last-year GP and CP students to develop interprofessional collaborations.
METHODS: We conducted an analysis of training needs using a method inspired by occupational didactics. We collected data through individual semidirective interviews with CPs and GPs in 2022. At each stage we aimed to identify the elements of the occupational didactics to deduce the training needs in the form of a frame of reference: apparent competencies, emblematic situations and acting characteristics. We conducted an initial deductive thematic analysis to identify the apparent competencies of the two professions, the emblematic situations in which these competencies are used, and the acting characteristics used in these situations. We made an inductive categorization to define the collaborative competence and the families of situations and to model the actions of this GP-CP collaboration.
RESULTS: We defined the competency \"to collaborate effectively in an interprofessional setting in order to respond to care issues in one\'s territory\" expressed in various professional situations. We described it by three capacities based on two interacting dynamics: one-off exchanges and structured collaborations. Various communication tools facilitate the implementation of these interactions. We modeled the actions of the GP-CP collaboration in the form of a conceptual map.
CONCLUSIONS: The collaboration between the CP and the GP implements a competency that could be integrated into their professional referential. This competency, entitled \"collaborating effectively in interprofessional settings to respond to care issues in one\'s territory\", is expressed in a variety of professional situations. It is based on two parallel and interacting dynamics: one-off exchanges and a dynamic of lasting collaboration. This study thus lays the groundwork for the development of this collaborative skill among general practice and pharmacy residents.

The primary healthcare (PHC) rotation places medical students in rural district hospitals for 4 weeks during their 4th or 5th year. This rotation is a collaboration among three academic units at Stellenbosch University\'s Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Learning activities during this rotation include participation in a longitudinal community-oriented primary care project, conducting rehabilitation-oriented home visits to persons with disabilities, and assessing and treating patients presenting with undifferentiated problems on an in- and outpatient basis. Working in rural contexts for a month affords students opportunities to foster meaningful relationships with the healthcare team, patients and the community, while learning about collaborative teamwork and communities. Critical reflections about the interprofessional care of patients and a community evaluation are key components of the students\' learning and assessment. Demonstrating the importance of interprofessional collaboration in PHC, this integrated training model has received, and continues to receive, positive feedback from students and the clinicians involved. Attention to logistics and academic support plays a crucial role in ensuring optimal learning for students. An integrated approach that involves multiple academic units, various healthcare professions and communities is strongly recommended for those who are considering training students in rural PHC environments.

BACKGROUND: The role of rural family physicians continues to evolve to accommodate the comprehensive care needs of aging societies. For older individuals in rural areas, rehabilitation is vital to ensure that they can continue to perform activities of daily living. In this population, a smooth discharge following periods of hospitalization is essential and requires management of multimorbidity, and rehabilitation therapists may require support from family physicians to achieve optimal outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate changes in the roles of rural family physicians in patient rehabilitation.
METHODS: An ethnographic analysis was conducted with rural family physicians and rehabilitation therapists at a rural Japanese hospital. A constructivist grounded theory approach was applied as a qualitative research method. Data were collected from the participants via field notes and semi-structured interviews.
RESULTS: Using a grounded theory approach, the following three themes were developed regarding the establishment of effective interprofessional collaboration between family physicians and therapists in the rehabilitation of older patients in rural communities: 1) establishment of mutual understanding and the perception of psychological safety; 2) improvement of relationships between healthcare professionals and their patients; and 3) creation of new roles in rural family medicine to meet evolving needs.
CONCLUSIONS: Ensuring continual dialogue between family medicine and rehabilitation departments helped to establish understanding, enhance knowledge, and heighten mutual respect among healthcare workers, making the work more enjoyable. Continuous collaboration between departments also improved relationships between professionals and their patients, establishing trust in collaborative treatment paradigms and supporting patient-centered approaches to family medicine. Within this framework, understanding the capabilities of family physicians can lead to the establishment of new roles for them in rural hospitals. Family medicine plays a vital role in geriatric care in community hospitals, especially in rural primary care settings. The role of family medicine in hospitals should be investigated in other settings to improve geriatric care and promote mutual learning and improvement among healthcare professionals.

The 21st century presents significant global health challenges that necessitate an integrated health workforce capable of delivering person-centered and integrated healthcare services. Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) plays a vital role in achieving integration and training an IPC-capable workforce in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has become imperative. This study aims to assess changes in IPC confidence among learners participating in a team-based, case-based HIV training programme across diverse settings in SSA. Additionally, it sought to examine the impact of different course formats (in-person, synchronous virtual, or blended learning) on IPC confidence. Data from 20 institutions across 18 SSA countries were collected between May 1 and December 31, 2021. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate associations between variables of interest and the increases in IPC confidence. The analysis included 3,842 learners; nurses comprised 37.9% (n = 1,172) and physicians 26.7% (n = 825). The majority of learners (67.2%, n = 2,072) were pre-service learners, while 13.0% (n = 401) had graduated within the past year. Factors significantly associated with increased IPC confidence included female gender, physician cadre, completion of graduate training over 12 months ago, and participation in virtual or in-person synchronous workshops (p < .05). The insights from this analysis can inform future curriculum development to strengthen interprofessional healthcare delivery across SSA.

In Swedish school health services, local initiatives have been taken to use physical activity on prescription (PAP) to encourage physically inactive children to become more active. Previous research shows that interprofessional collaboration plays a crucial role in promoting physical activity in children, as well as in promoting health in schools. However, there is a lack of knowledge about PAP for children in the school setting, including how medical and educational staff can work together to encourage children who have been recommended PAP. Therefore, this study aims to explore the perceived facilitators and barriers concerning interprofessional collaboration regarding physical activity on prescription in the school setting, as viewed from the professionals\' perspectives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 professionals who work with the method in school settings. The data were analyzed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis. The results reveal both barriers and facilitators for interprofessional collaboration on PAP in the school setting, as perceived by professionals. Organizational and structural obstacles within school institutions hinder collaboration, while a shared commitment to PAP, characterized by consensus-building, acts as a facilitating factor. PAP for children in a school setting is still an unexplored area and further research is required.