暂无摘要。

Retropharyngeal infections (RPIs) are uncommon in young infants and are difficult to diagnose due to their non-classical presentation. RPI can occasionally be complicated with multiple cranial nerve palsies but rarely in isolation. Isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy (HNP) due to RPI has been described in the literature but mostly in older children and adults. Assessment for hypoglossal nerve function is challenging in a young infant because the conventional signs of hypoglossal nerve dysfunction are difficult to elicit in this age group. Early recognition and treatment of RPI are associated with good HNP recovery. We present a case of a young infant with tongue deviation and difficulty with feeding attributed to an isolated HNP caused by suppurative retropharyngeal lymphadenitis. The infant underwent incision and drainage with complete recovery of the tongue function after 8 weeks.

This pilot study analyzed correlations between tongue electrical impedance myography (EIM), standard tongue electromyography (EMG), and tongue functional measures in N = 4 long-term oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) survivors.
Patients were screened for a supportive care trial (NCT04151082). Hypoglossal nerve function was evaluated with genioglossus needle EMG, functional measures with the Iowa oral performance instrument (IOPI), and multi-frequency tissue composition with tongue EIM.
Tongue EIM conductivity was higher for patients with EMG-confirmed cranial nerve XII neuropathy than those without (p = 0.005) and in patients with mild versus normal EMG reinnervation ratings (16 kHz EIM: p = 0.051). Tongue EIM correlated with IOPI strength measurements (e.g., anterior maximum isometric lingual strength: r2  = 0.62, p = 0.020).
Tongue EIM measures related to tongue strength and the presence of XII neuropathy. Noninvasive tongue EIM may be a convenient adjunctive biomarker to assess tongue health in OPC survivors.

OBJECTIVE: This case report aims to describe a rare manifestation of isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy (HNP) resulting from organophosphate poisoning (OP), specifically organophosphate- induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN). The primary objective of this case report is to highlight this unusual manifestation and discuss its potential underlying mechanisms, emphasizing the importance of timely diagnosis and appropriate management.
METHODS: A 31-year-old male with a history of consuming a commercial chlorpyrifos formulation presented with acute organophosphate poisoning symptoms that improved with appropriate treatment. However, two weeks later, the patient developed neurological deficits (numbness and weakness spreading from the plantar region to the upper limbs) involving the hypoglossal nerve, manifesting as left-sided tongue deviation, fasciculation, and atrophy, resulting in speech and swallowing difficulties. A comprehensive workup ruled out other potential causes of HNP, supporting the link between OPIDN and isolated HNP. Despite regaining limb strength, the patient\'s speech and swallowing issues persisted, prompting a follow-up visit to our hospital for further management and rehabilitation.
CONCLUSIONS: This case report highlights a unique manifestation of OPIDN, resulting in isolated HNP, a rare phenomenon. The correlation between exposure to chlorpyrifos, acute organophosphate poisoning, and delayed onset of HNP suggests a causative relationship. Prompt diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and timely speech and swallowing rehabilitation are vital for optimizing outcomes in such cases. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying this selective vulnerability of OPIDN and to develop targeted interventions.

BACKGROUND: Stroke is rarely accompanied with peripheral facial paralysis and supranuclear palsy of the hypoglossal nerve. Both sides of the motor cortex innervate the hypoglossal nucleus; therefore, unilateral lesions of the upper motor neurons rarely result in contralateral lingual paresis. We report a rare case of crossed syndrome with associated hyperacute peripheral hemifacial paralysis and contralateral lingual paresis after a lower pontine tegmentum ischemic stroke.
METHODS: A 73-year-old man presented with symptoms of hyperacute peripheral hemifacial paralysis. Upon protrusion, the patient\'s tongue deviated to the contralateral side, without fasciculation or atrophy. Brain imaging showed focal ischemic stroke in the pontine tegmentum. However, lingual hemiparesis and multimodal neuroimaging findings differed.
CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that cortico-hypoglossal fibers pass through the dorsal pontine. This case of crossed syndrome is a rare report of a lower pontine tegmentum ischemic stroke resembling an upper motor neuron lesion of the contralateral hypoglossal nerve.

This is a case report of a 38-year-old, previously healthy man who was initially seen at an otorhinolaryngological department due to \"swelling\" of his tongue. Further history revealed four days of severe, non-specific headache and lisping. Two weeks prior to hospital admission he had seen a chiropractor due to neck pain. On examination at the hospital there was isolated left hypoglossal nerve palsy. He was urgently referred to a department of neurology. Magnetic resonance angiography showed internal carotid artery dissection. Aspirin and clopidogrel were commenced. At the three months follow-up examination he had recovered completely symptom wise and a renewed magnetic resonance imaging was normal.

The hypoglossal nerve is the 12th cranial nerve, exiting the brainstem in the preolivary sulcus, passing through the premedullary cistern, and exiting the skull through the hypoglossal canal. This is a purely motor nerve, responsible for the innervation of all the intrinsic tongue muscles (superior longitudinal muscle, inferior longitudinal muscle, transverse muscle, and vertical muscle), 3 extrinsic tongue muscles (styloglossus, hyoglossus, and genioglossus), and the geniohyoid muscle. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best imaging exam to evaluate patients with clinical signs of hypoglossal nerve palsy, and computed tomography may have a complementary role in the evaluation of bone lesions affecting the hypoglossal canal. A heavily T2-weighted sequence, such as fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (FIESTA) or constructive interference steady state (CISS) is important to evaluate this nerve on MRI. There are multiple causes of hypoglossal nerve palsy, being neoplasia the most common cause, but vascular lesions, inflammatory diseases, infections, and trauma can also affect this nerve. The purpose of this article is to review the hypoglossal nerve anatomy, discuss the best imaging techniques to evaluate this nerve and demonstrate the imaging aspect of the main diseases that affect it.

暂无摘要。

This case report describes an 80-year-old patient’s right-sided hemicranial headache, right-sided tongue hemiatrophy with fasciculations and deviation, right side of the tongue on protrusion, and mild dysarthria.

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is associated with an increased risk for Bell\'s palsy and some other neurological disorders assumed to be of autoimmune origin. While facial nerve palsy is frequent and usually idiopathic, hypoglossal nerve palsy is rare, and a specific cause is almost always found. We firstly report two patients who developed isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy shortly after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
METHODS: Two otherwise healthy patients, a 49-year-old man and a 39-year-old woman, developed unilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy 10 and 7 days after the second SARS-CoV-2-vaccination (AstraZeneca and BioNTech/Pfizer), respectively. In both subjects, needle electromyography showed denervation and rarefication of motor units. CT, MRI, examination of blood and CSF as well as ENT exam were unremarkable. In both subjects symptoms gradually improved.
CONCLUSIONS: Due to close temporal relationship, the absence of other etiologies, and spontaneous improvement we suspect the vaccination as the cause for hypoglossal nerve palsy in both patients. This is further supported by the rarity of isolated hypoglossal nerve palsies, especially in idiopathic cases. We suggest the addition of hypoglossal nerve palsy to the list of neurological injuries potentially caused by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.