背景:越来越多的证据表明,海洛因成瘾可能与三脑网络之间的功能障碍有关(默认模式网络[DMN],显著性网络[SN]和执行控制网络[ECN])。然而,三脑网络核心区域之间的糖代谢和代谢连接特征仍然未知.因此,我们假设海洛因依赖者在三脑网络内会表现出糖代谢异常,并伴有代谢连接异常.
方法:海洛因依赖者和年龄和性别相匹配的健康对照者接受了整合的正电子发射断层扫描/磁共振成像(PET/MRI)。DMN之间的葡萄糖代谢和代谢连通性的差异,基于18F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖PET和静息状态fMRI数据分析SN和ECN。
结果:我们在研究中纳入了36名海洛因依赖者和30名匹配的健康对照者。海洛因依赖组显示双侧前岛(AI)和下顶叶小叶(IPL)的葡萄糖代谢显着降低,右侧AI和左侧背外侧前额叶皮质(DLPFC)之间的代谢连接显着降低。美沙酮的日剂量与右AI和右IPL的葡萄糖代谢呈负相关。
结论:结果显示,在海洛因依赖的个体中,糖代谢改变和代谢连接仅在三重脑网络内;在未来的研究中,应该研究更多的脑网络。尽管美沙酮是一种与海洛因具有相似神经生理机制的阿片类药物,美沙酮对脑代谢和代谢连通性的特定慢性影响也应在未来的研究中进行研究.
结论:我们的研究结果表明,长期使用阿片类药物可能,在某种程度上,与SN和ECN之间的协同能力降低有关,这可能与认知控制功能障碍有关。特别是,正确的AI,这表明SN-ECN代谢连通性的低代谢和相关降低,在未来的研究中应该得到越来越多的关注。
Increasing evidence suggests that heroin addiction may be related to the dysfunction among the triple brain network (default mode network [DMN], salience network [SN] and executive control network [ECN]). However, the characteristics of glucose metabolism and metabolic connectivity among core regions of the triple brain network remain unknown. Therefore, we hypothesized that individuals with heroin dependence would show abnormal glucose metabolism and accompanied abnormal metabolic connectivity within the triple brain network.
Individuals with heroin dependence and healthy controls matched for age and sex underwent integrated positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI). Differences in glucose metabolism and metabolic connectivity among the DMN, SN and ECN were analyzed based on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET and resting-state fMRI data.
We included 36 individuals with heroin dependence and 30 matched healthy controls in our
study. The heroin dependence group showed a significant reduction of glucose metabolism in the bilateral anterior insula (AI) and inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and a significantly decreased metabolic connectivity between the right AI and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The daily dose of methadone was negatively correlated with glucose metabolism of the right AI and right IPL.
The results revealed the glucose metabolism alterations and metabolic connectivity only within the triple brain network in individuals with heroin dependence; additional brain networks should be investigated in future studies. Although methadone is an opioid with a similar neurophysiological mechanism as heroin, the specific chronic effects of methadone on cerebral metabolism and metabolic connectivity should also be investigated in future studies.
Our findings suggest that long-term opioid use might, to some extent, be associated with reduced synergistic ability between the SN and ECN, which may be associated with the dysfunction of cognitive control. In particular, the right AI, which showed hypometabolism and related reduction in SN-ECN metabolic connectivity, should receive increasing attention in future studies.