BACKGROUND: Ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-cleft lip/palate (EEC) syndrome mainly affects ectodermal and mesodermal tissues. It is usually manifested as split hands and feet, ectodermal dysplasia, and orofacial clefting, along with other signs and symptoms. A multidisciplinary approach to treatment is required, in which dentists play an important role in identifying and treating various oral conditions that may be genetically linked to or may be the result of EEC syndrome.
METHODS: The present case describes the oral condition of a young child suffering from EEC syndrome and presenting with peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) in the mandibular anterior region. After obtaining a thorough medical and family history and a clinical examination, the lesion was surgically excised under local anesthesia. The patient was followed up at periodic intervals for the next twenty four months, during which no recurrence of the lesion was observed.
CONCLUSIONS: This report highlights the role of a dentist in the management of the oral conditions of patients suffering from EEC syndrome.

UNASSIGNED: Giant cell lesion of the oral cavity in a pediatric population is a very rare entity. Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is one such non-neoplastic lesion-causing gingival tumor. Here, a case of successful management of PGCG in a 12-year-old child is presented with a two-year follow-up. Clinical, radiographic, and histological features of PGCG are discussed with the importance of a long-term follow-up of the lesion.

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain is frequently performed on patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), to detect and follow-up intracranial findings. In addition, NF1-related pathologies can appear in the jaws. This case study investigates if it is advantageous to assess the depicted parts of the jaws in the imaging of NF1 patients with intracranial findings, thereby detecting jaw pathologies in their initial stages.
METHODS: We report on the 3-year management with clinical and radiological follow-ups of a central giant cell granuloma and a neurofibroma in the mandible of a patient with NF1 who underwent examinations with brain MRIs. A review of the mandible in the patient\'s MRIs disclosed lesions with clear differences in progression rates.
CONCLUSIONS: NF1-related jaw pathologies may be detected in the early stages if the depicted parts of the jaws are included in the assessment of the imaging of NF1 patients with intracranial findings. This could impact the treatment of eventual pathologies before lesion progression and further damage to the vicinity.

Peripheral giant cell granulomas (PGCGs) are benign oral cavity tumors, reactive in nature, caused by local trauma or irritation. A 51-year-old woman presented with a soft tissue lesion related to an implant at site 36 (FDI numbering system). An excisional biopsy was completed, and the soft tissue mass was diagnosed as a PGCG. The biopsy led to a lack of keratinized tissue and vestibular depth around the implant site. After the initial healing phase, a free gingival graft was completed. Then, following soft tissue maturation, the cement-retained implant-supported prosthesis was converted into a screwretained implant-supported prosthesis that was easily accessible. With a combined periodontal and restorative approach, the KT increased, adequate vestibular depth was achieved, and there was no recurrence of the PGCG.

BACKGROUND: A central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a benign, proliferative, intraosseous, and non-odontogenic lesion occurring primarily in children and young adults. On the histological level, it is characterized by numerous multinucleated giant cells scattered randomly throughout a sea of spindle-shaped mesenchymal stromal cells which are dispersed throughout the fibrovascular connective tissue stroma containing areas of haemorrhage. When it comes to radiographic features, CGCG can have an array of variations, ranging from well-defined expansile lesions to ill-defined and destructive lesions, with or without expansion.
METHODS: This case report reviews an 11-year-old Caucasian patient with a chief complaint of slow-growing swelling involving the right posterior mandibular region. The cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) revealed an ill-defined mixed lesion mimicking both fibro-osseous lesion and hemangioma. However, microscopic examination revealed multinucleated giant cells in a fibrous stroma suggestive of central giant cell granuloma.
CONCLUSIONS: Our intent in reporting this case is to highlight the importance of thorough clinical, radiographical and histopathological examination for accurate diagnosis and therapeutic interventions as well as to emphasize the importance of taking different possibilities into consideration when examining bony swellings in the head and neck region.

Giant cell reparative granuloma has a very low incidence and is thought to be a response to trauma. While there have been only a few reported cases of orbital giant cell reparative granuloma, we recently observed such a case and analyzed 16 previously reported cases of this type. It is important to note that further investigation is necessary to fully understand the relationship between giant cell reparative granuloma and trauma.

Giant cell granuloma is a local nonneoplastic lesion that is divided into two categories, based on its site of occurrence: Central and peripheral giant cell granuloma. Central giant cell granuloma is an intraosseous lesion that has a tendency to recure even in surgically treated cases. Several studies have proven that there is an association between different lesions clinical behavior and their histological features. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of AgNOR and Ki67 in lesions with and without recurrency.
Files and records of 35 patients who had been histologically diagnosed with central giant cell granuloma were investigated. Histological features were studied after performing AgNOR staining and Ki67 marker. The data were analyzed by chi-square, Fisher, and T-test.
Acquired data indicated that the count of AgNOR staining and Ki67 marker was significantly higher in lesions with recurrency than the lesions with no recurrency. The same results were attained from Ki67 intensity.
The current study indicated that AgNOR staining and Ki67 marker have prognostic value in predicting recurrency of central giant cell granuloma lesions.

Fibromyxoma is a locally aggressive rare benign tumor of mesenchymal origin with or without odontogenic epithelium. The etiology of this tumor remains unknown and it is responsible for approximately 3-8% of all cysts and tumors. Another locally destructive benign lesion is central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) which contains osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells. CGCG accounts for about 7% of all benign jaw tumors, which usually affects younger females. A hybrid lesion with histologic features of both central fibromyxoma and CGCG has not been reported in the literature so far. In the present article, we report the first case of a hybrid tumor comprising odontogenic fibromyxoma with CGCG in a female along with a brief review of its clinical presentation, radiographic features, histological features, and management.

Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is described as an elevated lesion that is located mostly on the gingival mucosa and alveolar crest, consecutive to irritative factors and trauma. It predominantly occurs more in the mandible than the maxilla, and it is usually seen in the 4th to the 6th decades. The clinical appearance of this lesion is red-bluish in color, presenting a similar tissue to the one observed in the liver, usually measuring less than 2 cm. The treatment of the PGCG is the surgical excision. The recurrence of this lesion is rarely described in the literature. The present case highlights the importance of considering the traumatic extractions as one of the main uncommon etiologic factors, leading to the development of peripheral giant cell granuloma. It precisely describes the diagnosis, the treatment of a peripheral giant cell granuloma located in maxillary canine-premolar region, occurred consecutively after ancient traumatic extractions of the 13 and 14 since 1 year. This paper also reports a maxillary location of giant cell granuloma, while the literature reports more commonly the mandibular location. This lesion was excised surgically, and healed uneventually, and in which the follow-up didn´t show any sign of recurrence.

We report three varied presentations of peripheral giant cell granuloma and provide an up-to-date summary on the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of this everyday swelling, including lessons learned.